Radaković Miodrag, Ivetić Vesna, Naumović Nada, Canadanović Vladimir, Stankov Branko
General Hospital of Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia.
Med Glas (Zenica). 2012 Aug;9(2):293-8.
To determine the prevalence of heterophoria, fusional convergence and divergence values and the degree of relationship between heterophoria and fusional vergence in preschool children.
For assessment of far and near heterophoria in 152 children aged 6-7, cover and prism cover tests were used. Far and near fusional vergences were measured by step vergence testing using prism bars.
Orthophoria (-tropia) with the average values of heterophoria around 0 PD (prism diopter) were most common at far, and exophoria around 2 PD at near. The average break values of far fusional convergence and divergence were 13.7 ± 4.4 PD and 7.3 ± 2.1 PD, respectively. Near fusional convergence and divergence break values were 29.6 ± 6.6 PD and 16.2 ± 4.1 PD, respectively. The recovery values were from 1/3 to 1/2 lower than the break values. The correlation between heterophoria at far and far fusional convergence and heterohoria at near and near fusional convergence and divergence was weak, yet significant (r = 0.18 - 0.26; p less than 0.05).
In preschool children the prevalence of heterophoria, and values of fusional vergence were in the ranges of values for elementary school children and adults cited in the literature. Heterophoria and fusional convergence at far, and heterophoria and fusional vergences at near have shown a weak relationship.
确定学龄前儿童隐斜视、融合性集合和散开值的患病率，以及隐斜视与融合性聚散之间的关系程度。
对152名6 - 7岁儿童进行远距离和近距离隐斜视评估时，采用遮盖试验和棱镜遮盖试验。使用棱镜棒通过阶梯聚散试验测量远距离和近距离融合性聚散。
远距离时，平均隐斜度约为0棱镜度（PD）的正位视（非斜视）最为常见，近距离时约2 PD的外隐斜最为常见。远距离融合性集合和散开的平均破裂值分别为13.7±4.4 PD和7.3±2.1 PD。近距离融合性集合和散开的破裂值分别为29.6±6.6 PD和16.2±4.1 PD。恢复值比破裂值低1/3至1/2。远距离隐斜视与远距离融合性集合之间以及近距离隐斜视与近距离融合性集合和散开之间的相关性较弱，但具有显著性（r = 0.18 - 0.26；p小于0.05）。
学龄前儿童隐斜视的患病率和融合性聚散值在文献中引用的小学生和成人的值范围内。远距离的隐斜视与融合性集合以及近距离的隐斜视与融合性聚散之间显示出较弱的关系。
