Zwierko Teresa, Puchalska-Niedbał Lidia, Krzepota Justyna, Markiewicz Mikołaj, Woźniak Jarosław, Lubiński Wojciech
Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2015 Dec 30;49:287-96. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0131. eCollection 2015 Dec 22.
Binocular vision is the most important visual cue for spatial orientation in many sports. In this study, we investigated how binocular vision was influenced by an eye training program that may be used to improve individual's oculomotor function. The experiment involved twenty-four female student athletes from team ball sports (soccer, basketball, handball). After an initial testing session, 12 participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group. Optometric investigation which included synoptophore testing and a test of dissociated horizontal phoria based on the Maddox method was performed three times: before the experiment, after eight weeks of eye training (3 times a week for 20 minutes), and four weeks after the experiment was terminated. Eye exercise methodology was based on orthoptic, sport and psychological aspects of performance. The phoria screening examination showed that exophoria was the most frequent disorder of binocular vision. Low fusional vergence range was also observed. Following the training period, 3 of the 6 oculomotor variables improved. The greatest effect was observed in near dissociated phoria (χ(2) =14.56, p=0.001 for the right eye; χ(2) =14.757, p=0.001 for the left eye) and fusional convergence (χ(2) =8.522, p=0.014). The results of the retention test conducted four weeks after the experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the vision training program. The results of the study suggest that binocular functions are trainable and can be improved by means of appropriate visual training.
双眼视觉是许多运动中空间定向最重要的视觉线索。在本研究中，我们调查了一种可用于改善个体动眼功能的眼训练计划如何影响双眼视觉。实验涉及24名来自团队球类运动（足球、篮球、手球）的女学生运动员。在初始测试环节后，12名参与者被随机分配到实验组。验光检查包括使用同视机测试以及基于马多克斯方法的分离性水平隐斜视测试，共进行了三次：实验前、眼训练八周后（每周3次，每次20分钟）以及实验结束四周后。眼保健操方法基于视光学、运动和心理方面的表现。隐斜视筛查检查显示外隐斜是最常见的双眼视觉障碍。还观察到融合性聚散范围较低。经过训练期后，6个动眼变量中有3个得到改善。在近分离性隐斜视（右眼χ(2)=14.56，p = 0.001；左眼χ(2)=14.757，p = 0.001）和融合性集合（χ(2)=8.522，p = 0.014）方面观察到最大效果。实验结束四周后进行的保留测试结果证实了视力训练计划的有效性。研究结果表明双眼功能是可训练的，并且可以通过适当的视觉训练得到改善。
