Ravera Enilde, Sanchez Gabriel A, Squassi Aldo F, Bordoni Noemí
Social Psychology Master Program, University of Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2012;25(1):140-9.
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the knowledge, attitudes, practices and formal schooling ofparents and the oral health status in schoolchildren enrolled in educational institutions of different socioeconomic levels, using dental caries as the tracer disease. A convenience sample of 300 school children aged 6-14 years old and living in Mar del Plata city, Argentina, was composed according to income characterization in three strata: low, middle and high income. The children were grouped according to age (6-8, 9-11 and 12-14 years old). A validated questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes and oral health practices was administered to parents. Children were examined for dental and gingival status. DMFS, dmfs, plaque and gingival bleeding indexes were determined. Mean and SEM and/or frequency distribution of each variable were determined and diferences assessed by ANOVA, chi-squared, Yates chi-squared and Scheffé tests (p < 0.05). Association among variables was tested by chi-squared test. The children from low income families showed significantly higher levels oforal disease in all the studied age groups. These families revealed significantly less healthy practices and attitudes along with lower formal schooling level. Dental indicators were inversely and significantly associated with parents' knowledge, attitudes and formal schooling and with plaque index. Bleeding on probing was inversely and significantly associated with plaque index, parents 'formal schooling and practices. Plaque index was found to be inversely associated with parents' knowledge, attitudes and formal schooling. Parents 'knowledge, formal schooling, attitudes and health practices are intervening variables on oral health status ofschool children and an intervention field with potential impactfor the oral component of health.
本研究旨在以龋齿作为追踪疾病，分析不同社会经济水平教育机构中入学儿童的父母的知识、态度、行为及正规教育程度与儿童口腔健康状况之间的关联。根据收入特征将居住在阿根廷马德普拉塔市的300名6至14岁学童组成便利样本，分为三个阶层：低收入、中等收入和高收入。儿童按年龄分组（6至8岁、9至11岁和12至14岁）。向家长发放一份经过验证的关于知识、态度和口腔健康行为的问卷。对儿童的牙齿和牙龈状况进行检查。确定DMFS、dmfs、菌斑和牙龈出血指数。确定每个变量的均值和标准误及/或频率分布，并通过方差分析、卡方检验、耶茨卡方检验和谢费检验评估差异（p<0.05）。通过卡方检验检验变量之间的关联。在所有研究年龄组中，低收入家庭的儿童口腔疾病水平显著更高。这些家庭的健康行为和态度明显较少，正规教育程度也较低。牙齿指标与父母的知识、态度、正规教育程度以及菌斑指数呈显著负相关。探诊出血与菌斑指数、父母的正规教育程度和行为呈显著负相关。菌斑指数与父母的知识、态度和正规教育程度呈负相关。父母的知识、正规教育程度、态度和健康行为是学童口腔健康状况的干预变量，也是对健康的口腔部分具有潜在影响的干预领域。
