Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.
Environ Int. 2012 Nov 15;49:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.002. Epub 2012 Aug 25.
We have evaluated the levels and specific profiles of several organohalogenated contaminants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and flame retardants (FRs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), novel brominated FRs (NBFRs), and organophosphate FRs (OPFRs), in 47 indoor dust samples collected in 2010 from urban locations from Iasi, Eastern Romania. The dominant contaminants found in the samples were OPFRs (median sum OPFRs 7890 ng/g). Surprisingly, OCPs were also measured at high levels (median 1300 ng/g). Except for BDE 209 (median 275 ng/g), PBDEs were present in dust samples at relatively low levels (median sum PBDEs 8 ng/g). PCBs were also measured at low levels (median sum PCBs 35 ng/g), while NBFRs were only occasionally detected, showing a low usage in goods present on the Romanian market. The results of the present study evidence the existence of a multitude of chemical formulations in indoor dust. FRs are usually associated to human exposure via ingestion of dust, but other chemicals, such as OCPs, are not commonly reported in such matrix. Although OCPs were found at comparable levels with OPFRs in Romanian dust, OCPs possess a higher risk to human health due to their considerably lower reference dose (RfD) values. Indeed, the OCP exposure calculated for various intake scenarios was only 2-fold lower than the corresponding RfD. Therefore, the inclusion of OCPs as target chemicals in the indoor environment becomes important for countries where elevated levels in other environmental compartments have been previously shown.
我们评估了 47 个 2010 年从罗马尼亚东部城市雅西采集的室内灰尘样本中几种有机卤污染物的水平和特定分布情况，包括有机氯农药（OCPs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）和阻燃剂（FRs），如多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、六溴环十二烷（HBCDs）、新型溴化阻燃剂（NBFRs）和有机磷酸酯阻燃剂（OPFRs）。在样本中发现的主要污染物是 OPFRs（中位数总和 OPFRs 为 7890ng/g）。令人惊讶的是，OCPs 的浓度也很高（中位数 1300ng/g）。除了 BDE-209（中位数 275ng/g）外，多溴联苯醚在灰尘样本中的浓度相对较低（中位数总和多溴联苯醚为 8ng/g）。PCBs 的浓度也较低（中位数总和 PCBs 为 35ng/g），而 NBFRs 则偶尔被检出，表明在罗马尼亚市场上的商品中使用较少。本研究的结果表明，室内灰尘中存在多种化学制剂。阻燃剂通常通过摄入灰尘而与人类接触，而其他化学物质，如 OCPs，在这种基质中并不常见。尽管 OCPs 在罗马尼亚灰尘中的浓度与 OPFRs 相当，但由于其参考剂量（RfD）值低得多，对人类健康的风险更高。实际上，对于各种摄入情况，计算出的 OCP 暴露量仅比相应的 RfD 低 2 倍。因此，将 OCPs 作为室内环境中的目标化学物质纳入考虑范围，对于那些先前显示其他环境介质中浓度升高的国家变得很重要。
