Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2013 Sep;17(7):1222-9. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-1116-6.
Worldwide, cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women. Even though women in developing countries account for approximately 85 % of the cervical cancer cases and deaths, disparities in cervical cancer rates are also documented in developed countries like the United States (U.S.). Recently, formative research conducted in the U.S. and developing countries like South Africa have sought to gain a better understanding of the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes about cervical cancer prevention, HPV, and the acceptance of the HPV vaccine. This study compares findings from two independent focus group studies. One study was conducted in a segregated township in Johannesburg, South Africa (n = 24) and the other study was conducted in Ohio Appalachia (n = 19). The following seven themes emerged during the discussions from both studies: HPV and cervical cancer; health decision making; parent-child communication; healthy children; HPV vaccine costs; sexual abuse; and HPV vaccine education. Findings from both studies indicate the importance of the role of mothers and grandmothers in the health care decision-making process for children and a lack of awareness of HPV and its association with cervical cancer. While there was interest in the HPV vaccine, participants voiced concern about the vaccine's cost and side effects. Some participants expressed concern that receipt of the HPV vaccine may initiate adolescent sexual behavior. However, other participants suggested that the HPV vaccine may protect young women who may experience sexual abuse. The importance of developing culturally appropriate educational materials and programs about cervical cancer prevention and the HPV vaccine were expressed by participants in both countries.
在全球范围内，宫颈癌是导致女性发病和死亡的主要原因之一。尽管发展中国家的女性约占宫颈癌病例和死亡人数的 85%，但在发达国家（如美国）也存在宫颈癌发病率的差异。最近，在美国和南非等发展中国家开展的形成性研究旨在更好地了解关于宫颈癌预防、HPV 以及 HPV 疫苗接种的知识、信念和态度。本研究比较了两项独立的焦点小组研究的结果。一项研究在南非约翰内斯堡的一个隔离城镇进行（n=24），另一项研究在美国俄亥俄州阿巴拉契亚地区进行（n=19）。这两项研究都有以下七个主题：HPV 和宫颈癌；健康决策；亲子沟通；健康的孩子；HPV 疫苗费用；性虐待；以及 HPV 疫苗教育。这两项研究的结果表明，母亲和祖母在儿童医疗决策过程中起着重要作用，而且人们对 HPV 及其与宫颈癌的关联缺乏认识。虽然人们对 HPV 疫苗感兴趣，但参与者对疫苗的成本和副作用表示担忧。一些参与者担心接种 HPV 疫苗可能会引发青少年性行为。然而，其他参与者则认为 HPV 疫苗可能会保护那些可能遭受性虐待的年轻女性。来自这两个国家的参与者都强调了制定文化上适宜的宫颈癌预防和 HPV 疫苗教育材料和项目的重要性。
