National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersoe Parkallé 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark.
Eur J Public Health. 2013 Aug;23(4):611-6. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cks117. Epub 2012 Aug 28.
Western countries are experiencing an ageing and shrinking workforce in the eldercare sector. This study investigated whether 12 different work-related factors are associated with early retirement intentions of employees in the Danish eldercare sector. We tested whether three hypotheses explained the increase of early retirement intention: (i) high job demands (four factors) and low resources (four factors); (ii) low job attitude (three factors); and (iii) high physical strain (one factor).
We included 2444 employees (aged 45-57 years) from two waves (T1 and T2) from a prospective study. Multinomial logistic regression models showed whether 12 work-related factors (T1) were associated with early retirement intention (T2); very early retirement intention and early retirement intention vs. normal retirement intention.
Only 14% of the participants wished to retire at the normal retirement age (65 years or older). High physical strain [hypothesis (iii)] and low and normal affective organizational commitment [hypothesis (ii)] were associated with very early retirement intention. None of the other work-related factors associated with early retirement intention.
Future interventions should focus on reducing physical strain and increase or maintain affective organizational commitment among employees in the eldercare sector to postpone retirement.
西方国家在老年护理领域正面临着劳动力老龄化和萎缩的问题。本研究调查了丹麦老年护理领域的员工中，是否有 12 种不同的工作相关因素与提前退休意愿相关。我们检验了三个假设是否可以解释提前退休意愿的增加：（i）高工作要求（四个因素）和低资源（四个因素）；（ii）低工作态度（三个因素）；和（iii）高身体压力（一个因素）。
我们纳入了一项前瞻性研究的两个时间点（T1 和 T2）的 2444 名员工（年龄在 45-57 岁之间）。多项逻辑回归模型显示了 12 种工作相关因素（T1）是否与提前退休意愿（T2）相关；非常提前退休意愿和提前退休意愿与正常退休意愿相比。
只有 14%的参与者希望在正常退休年龄（65 岁及以上）退休。高身体压力（假设 iii）和低和正常情感组织承诺（假设 ii）与非常提前退休意愿相关。其他与提前退休意愿相关的工作相关因素均不相关。
未来的干预措施应重点关注减少身体压力和提高或维持老年护理领域员工的情感组织承诺，以推迟退休。
