Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458, USA.
Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:185-208. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155511. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
The rapid rate of current global climate change is having strong effects on many species and, at least in some cases, is driving evolution, particularly when changes in conditions alter patterns of selection. Climate change thus provides an opportunity for the study of the genetic basis of adaptation. Such studies include a variety of observational and experimental approaches, such as sampling across clines, artificial evolution experiments, and resurrection studies. These approaches can be combined with a number of techniques in genetics and genomics, including association and mapping analyses, genome scans, and transcription profiling. Recent research has revealed a number of candidate genes potentially involved in climate change adaptation and has also illustrated that genetic regulatory networks and epigenetic effects may be particularly relevant for evolution driven by climate change. Although genetic and genomic data are rapidly accumulating, we still have much to learn about the genetic architecture of climate change adaptation.
当前全球气候变化的速度之快对许多物种产生了强烈影响，并且至少在某些情况下，正在推动进化，特别是当条件的变化改变了选择模式时。因此，气候变化为研究适应的遗传基础提供了机会。此类研究包括各种观察和实验方法，例如在渐变群中采样、人工进化实验和复苏研究。这些方法可以与遗传学和基因组学中的许多技术相结合，包括关联和图谱分析、基因组扫描和转录谱分析。最近的研究揭示了一些可能与气候变化适应有关的候选基因，也表明遗传调控网络和表观遗传效应可能与气候变化驱动的进化特别相关。尽管遗传和基因组数据正在迅速积累，但我们仍然需要了解更多有关气候变化适应的遗传结构的信息。
