Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(31):5239-77. doi: 10.2174/092986712803833362.
Since their discovery by Bangham about 50 years ago, liposomes have become promising tools in drug delivery systems. This has increased the therapeutic index of many drugs, and offers improved drug targeting and controlled release. In order to further improve the specificity of liposomes for malignant tissues, targeted liposomal formulations have been developed which represent the next step of liposomal drug delivery in medical treatment. Antibodies and antibody fragments are the most widely used targeting moieties for liposomes due to the high specificity for their target antigens. This has given rise to a new class of drug delivery vehicles, the so-called immunoliposomes. Immunoliposomes are generated by coupling of antibodies to the liposomal surface and allow for an active tissue targeting through binding to tumor cell-specific receptors. Such antibody modified liposomes are attracting great interest for their potential use in specific drug delivery to cancer cells, gene therapy, drug delivery through blood brain barrier, or molecular imaging. Thus far, immunoliposomes show promising results in vitro and in vivo and appear to be effective systems for improvements in cancer treatment. This review covers the literature of the past decade with special emphasis on in vitro and in vivo studies.
自 50 年前 Bangham 发现脂质体以来，它们已成为药物传递系统中很有前途的工具。这增加了许多药物的治疗指数，并提供了更好的药物靶向和控制释放。为了进一步提高脂质体对恶性组织的特异性，已经开发了靶向脂质体制剂，这是医疗中脂质体药物传递的下一步。由于抗体及其片段对其靶抗原具有很高的特异性，因此它们是脂质体最广泛使用的靶向部分。这产生了一类新的药物传递载体，即所谓的免疫脂质体。免疫脂质体是通过将抗体偶联到脂质体表面而产生的，通过与肿瘤细胞特异性受体结合，允许主动靶向组织。这种抗体修饰的脂质体因其在将药物特异性递送至癌细胞、基因治疗、通过血脑屏障递药或分子成像中的潜在用途而引起了极大的兴趣。到目前为止，免疫脂质体在体外和体内都显示出有希望的结果，并且似乎是改善癌症治疗的有效系统。本文综述了过去十年的文献，特别强调了体外和体内研究。
