Ruzicka L T, Lopez A D
Department of Demography, Australian National University, Canberra.
World Health Stat Q. 1990;43(4):249-58.
About 80 countries or areas regularly report detailed cause-of-death data to WHO based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD). These data refer to about 35% of all deaths estimated to occur in the world, although the actual coverage may be somewhat higher due to the representativeness of data-collection schemes in countries such as China. These data are systematically validated and documented by WHO before their dissemination, principally through publication in the World health statistics annual. This article describes the collection and use of these data by WHO for assessing the global and regional health situation, and for monitoring trends in health status. In addition, several issues in the use of mortality data and the ICD for national health situation assessment are discussed, including the need for documenting the quality and coverage of cause-of-death statistics, identifying biases and evaluating mortality trends.
约80个国家或地区定期根据《国际疾病、损伤和死因统计分类》（ICD）向世卫组织报告详细的死因数据。这些数据约占全球估计死亡总数的35%，不过由于中国等国数据收集方案具有代表性，实际覆盖范围可能略高。在世卫组织传播这些数据之前，主要通过《世界卫生统计年鉴》发表，这些数据会得到系统验证和记录。本文介绍了世卫组织如何收集和使用这些数据来评估全球和区域卫生状况，以及监测健康状况趋势。此外，还讨论了使用死亡率数据和ICD评估国家卫生状况时的若干问题，包括记录死因统计数据的质量和覆盖范围、识别偏差以及评估死亡率趋势的必要性。
