Sleep Research Centre, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Nov;36(10):2226-31. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.005. Epub 2012 Aug 19.
By the end of the first night on a 12h night-shift, wakefulness may have lasted up to 24h since the previous sleep. Although most work situations requiring critical decisions are foreseen and effectively resolved by well trained staff, such wakefulness can produce impairments in dealing with unexpected challenging situations involving uncertainty, change, distractions and capacity to evaluate risks. Also compromised can be the ability to engage in and keep abreast of protracted negotiations undertaken throughout the night. These effects, which are not just 'sleepiness', seem due to deteriorations with 'supervisory executive functions' of the prefrontal cortex; a region that appears particularly vulnerable to prolonged wakefulness. Recent research findings are presented to support this case, and some evidence-based recommendations made about practical countermeasures.
在 12 小时夜班的第一个晚上结束时，由于前一次睡眠，清醒时间可能已经持续了长达 24 小时。尽管大多数需要做出关键决策的工作情况都可以预见并由训练有素的工作人员有效地解决，但这种清醒状态可能会导致在处理涉及不确定性、变化、干扰和评估风险能力的意外挑战性情况时出现障碍。夜间进行的长时间谈判的参与和跟上进度的能力也可能受到影响。这些影响不仅仅是“困倦”，似乎是由于前额叶皮层的“监督执行功能”恶化所致；这个区域似乎特别容易受到长时间清醒的影响。提出了最近的研究结果来支持这一情况，并就实际对策提出了一些基于证据的建议。
