Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore.
Sleep. 2013 Jun 1;36(6):899-904. doi: 10.5665/sleep.2720.
To determine whether sleep deprivation would affect the discounting of delayed rewards, of rewards entailing the expense of effort, or both.
We measured rates of two types of reward discounting under conditions of rested wakefulness (RW) and sleep deprivation (SD). Delay discounting was defined as the willingness to accept smaller monetary rewards sooner rather than larger monetary rewards later. Effort discounting was defined as the willingness to accept smaller rewards that require less effort to obtain (e.g., typing a small number of letter strings backward) over larger but more effortful rewards (e.g., typing more letter strings to receive the reward). The first two experiments used a crossover design in which one session was conducted after a normal night of sleep (RW), and the other after a night without sleep (SD). The first experiment evaluated only temporal discounting whereas the second evaluated temporal and effort discounting. In the second experiment, the discounting tasks were repeatedly administered prior to the state comparisons to minimize the effects of order and/or repeated testing. In a third experiment, participants were studied only once in a between-subject evaluation of discounting across states.
The study took place in a research laboratory.
Seventy-seven healthy young adult participants: 20 in Experiment 1, 27 in Experiment 2, and 30 in Experiment 3.
N/A.
Sleep deprivation elicited increased effort discounting but did not affect delay discounting.
The dissociable effects of sleep deprivation on two forms of discounting behavior suggest that they may have differing underlying neural mechanisms.
确定睡眠剥夺是否会影响延迟奖励的折扣，或者是费力奖励的折扣，或者两者兼而有之。
我们在清醒（RW）和睡眠剥夺（SD）两种条件下测量了两种类型的奖励折扣率。延迟折扣定义为愿意接受较小的金钱奖励以换取更早的回报，而不是更大的金钱奖励以换取更晚的回报。努力折扣定义为愿意接受较小的奖励，这些奖励需要较少的努力就可以获得（例如，向后输入少量字母串），而不是更大但更费力的奖励（例如，输入更多字母串以获得奖励）。前两个实验采用交叉设计，一个实验是在正常的睡眠之夜（RW）后进行，另一个实验是在没有睡眠的夜晚（SD）后进行。第一个实验仅评估了时间折扣，而第二个实验则评估了时间和努力折扣。在第二个实验中，为了最小化顺序和/或重复测试的影响，在进行状态比较之前，多次进行折扣任务。在第三个实验中，参与者只在一次实验中进行了一次跨状态的折扣评估，采用了被试间设计。
研究在研究实验室进行。
77 名健康的年轻成年参与者：实验 1 中有 20 名，实验 2 中有 27 名，实验 3 中有 30 名。
无。
睡眠剥夺引起了更大的努力折扣，但对延迟折扣没有影响。
睡眠剥夺对两种折扣行为的分离影响表明，它们可能具有不同的潜在神经机制。
