Expanded Programme on Immunisation, National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa.
Vaccine. 2012 Sep 7;30 Suppl 3:C9-13. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.027.
South Africa has a functional decision making process for the introduction of new vaccines; with an established National Immunisation Technical Advisory Group (NITAG), referred to as National Advisory Group on Immunisation (NAGI). South Africa has played a leadership role in the African continent with introduction of new vaccines, which dates back to 1995 with the introduction of hepatitis B, followed by the Haemophilus influenzae type b in 1999 and recently the national roll out of the pneumococcal conjugate and rotavirus vaccines in 2009. NAGI has the responsibility to deliberate on key policy issues as part of the process for decision making on the introduction of new vaccines. In developing recommendations NAGI considers: disease burden, cost effectiveness, and the impact on the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI). Although guidance and recommendations from WHO are considered, the decision to introduce a new vaccine in South Africa is based on local data. NAGI recommendations are presented to the National Department of Health (NDOH). The NDOH pursues the matter further through the involvement of provinces. When an agreement has been reached to accept the NAGI recommendations, the NDOH seeks funding from the Ministry of Finance (MOF). Once funds are available, the new vaccines are implemented by the immunisation programme. Although there is an established functional system for decision making in South Africa, some areas need to be addressed. A system should be developed to allow the NDOH, NAGI and the MOF to engage in the deliberations on financial and economic impact of new vaccines. It is further recommended that a committee be established that will assess the programmatic issues to weigh the potential benefits of a new vaccine. Furthermore, political commitment should support the immunisation programme and strengthen it so that it can make an impact in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal no. 4 of reducing child mortality.
南非有一个新疫苗引入的决策制定程序，建立了国家免疫技术咨询小组（NITAG），称为国家免疫咨询小组（NAGI）。南非在非洲大陆发挥了领导作用，引入了新疫苗，最早可追溯到 1995 年引入乙肝疫苗，随后在 1999 年引入流感嗜血杆菌 b 疫苗，最近在 2009 年推出了肺炎球菌结合疫苗和轮状病毒疫苗。NAGI 有责任审议关键政策问题，作为新疫苗引入决策制定过程的一部分。在制定建议时，NAGI 考虑了：疾病负担、成本效益以及对扩大免疫规划（EPI）的影响。尽管考虑了世界卫生组织（WHO）的指导和建议，但南非引入新疫苗的决定是基于当地数据。NAGI 的建议提交给国家卫生部（NDOH）。NDOH 通过涉及各省来进一步探讨此事。当达成接受 NAGI 建议的协议时，NDOH 向财政部（MOF）寻求资金。一旦有资金可用，新疫苗将由免疫规划实施。尽管南非已经建立了一个功能齐全的决策制定系统，但仍有一些方面需要解决。应建立一个系统，允许 NDOH、NAGI 和 MOF 参与关于新疫苗的财务和经济影响的审议。进一步建议成立一个委员会，评估方案问题，权衡新疫苗的潜在效益。此外，政治承诺应支持免疫规划，加强免疫规划，使其能够在实现千年发展目标 4（降低儿童死亡率）方面发挥作用。
