University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Entomology, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2012 Nov;27(11):618-26. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.07.011. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
Rapidly accumulating evidence shows that herbivore and pathogen attack of plants can generate particular defense phenotypes across generations. What was once thought to be an oddity of plant defense induction now appears to be a taxonomically widespread phenomenon with strong potential to impact the ecology and evolution of species interactions. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small RNAs each contribute to transgenerational defense initiation; examples in several species demonstrate that this induction can last for multiple generations. Priming of the offspring generation for more rapid induction following subsequent attack has also been reported. The extent to which transgenerational induction is predictable, detectable in nature, and subject to manipulation will determine the ability of researchers to decipher its role in plant-herbivore and plant-pathogen interactions.
越来越多的证据表明，植物的食草动物和病原体攻击可以在几代之间产生特定的防御表型。曾经被认为是植物防御诱导的奇特现象，现在似乎是一种具有强大潜力的分类广泛的现象，有可能影响物种相互作用的生态学和进化。DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和小 RNA 都有助于跨代防御的启动；在几个物种中的例子表明，这种诱导可以持续多代。后代在随后的攻击后更快地诱导的启动也有报道。跨代诱导的可预测性、在自然界中的可检测性以及可操作性的程度将决定研究人员解读其在植物-食草动物和植物-病原体相互作用中的作用的能力。
