Zhu Qian-Hao, Shan Wei-Xing, Ayliffe Michael A, Wang Ming-Bo
1 CSIRO Agriculture, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
2 College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2016 Mar;29(3):187-96. doi: 10.1094/MPMI-08-15-0194-FI. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
Plants have developed diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms to cope with a lifetime of exposure to a variety of pathogens. Host transcriptional reprogramming is a central part of plant defense upon pathogen recognition. Recent studies link DNA methylation and demethylation as well as chromatin remodeling by posttranslational histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, to changes in the expression levels of defense genes upon pathogen challenge. Remarkably these inducible defense mechanisms can be primed prior to pathogen attack by epigenetic modifications and this heightened resistance state can be transmitted to subsequent generations by inheritance of these modification patterns. Beside the plant host, epigenetic mechanisms have also been implicated in virulence development of pathogens. This review highlights recent findings and insights into epigenetic mechanisms associated with interactions between plants and pathogens, in particular bacterial and fungal pathogens, and demonstrates the positive role they can have in promoting plant defense.
植物已经进化出多种分子和细胞机制，以应对其一生中接触到的各种病原体。宿主转录重编程是植物在识别病原体后防御反应的核心部分。最近的研究表明，DNA甲基化与去甲基化以及通过翻译后组蛋白修饰（包括乙酰化、甲基化和泛素化）进行的染色质重塑，与病原体攻击后防御基因表达水平的变化有关。值得注意的是，这些诱导性防御机制可以通过表观遗传修饰在病原体攻击之前被启动，并且这种增强的抗性状态可以通过这些修饰模式的遗传传递给后代。除了植物宿主外，表观遗传机制也与病原体的毒力发展有关。本综述重点介绍了与植物和病原体（特别是细菌和真菌病原体）之间相互作用相关的表观遗传机制的最新发现和见解，并展示了它们在促进植物防御方面的积极作用。
