National Jewish Health, Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Immunol Res. 2013 Mar;55(1-3):22-33. doi: 10.1007/s12026-012-8346-y.
There will be over half a million cancer-related deaths in the United States in 2012, with lung cancer being the leader followed by prostate in men and breast in women. There is estimated to be more than one and a half million new cases of cancer in 2012, making the development of effective therapies a high priority. As tumor immunologists, we are interested in the development of immunotherapies because the immune response offers exquisite specificity and the potential to target tumor cells without harming normal cells. In this review, we highlight the current advances in the field of immunotherapy and the current work being completed by laboratories at University of Colorado School of Medicine in multiple malignancies, including breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, thyroid cancer, and glioblastoma. This work focuses on augmenting the anti-tumor response of CD8 T cells in the blood, lymph nodes, and tumors of patients, determining biomarkers for patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy, and identifying additional anti-tumor and immunosuppressive cells that influence the overall response to tumors. These collaborative efforts will identify mechanisms to improve immune function, which may elucidate therapeutic targets for clinical trials to improve patient health and survival.
2012 年美国将有超过 50 万人死于癌症，肺癌是男性中的主要死因，其次是前列腺癌，女性中则是乳腺癌。据估计，2012 年将有超过 150 万例新的癌症病例，因此开发有效的治疗方法是当务之急。作为肿瘤免疫学家，我们对免疫疗法的发展很感兴趣，因为免疫反应具有极高的特异性，并有可能在不伤害正常细胞的情况下靶向肿瘤细胞。在这篇综述中，我们强调了免疫疗法领域的最新进展，以及科罗拉多大学医学院实验室在多种恶性肿瘤（包括乳腺癌、肺癌、黑色素瘤、甲状腺癌和胶质母细胞瘤）方面正在完成的工作。这项工作的重点是增强患者血液、淋巴结和肿瘤中 CD8 T 细胞的抗肿瘤反应，确定更有可能对免疫疗法产生反应的患者的生物标志物，并识别影响肿瘤总体反应的其他抗肿瘤和免疫抑制细胞。这些合作努力将确定改善免疫功能的机制，这可能为临床试验阐明治疗靶点，以改善患者的健康和生存。
