School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013 Apr;26(2):145-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2012.01284.x. Epub 2012 Sep 4.
Certain dietary patterns have been associated with higher risk of noncommunicable diseases, with South Asians identified as a high-risk group. The present study aimed to identify the association between dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome (MS) in South Asians living in the UK.
Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis from 15 different food groups using an ethnic-specific food frequency questionnaire. MS risk factors, including obesity and hypertension, were measured, whereas existing conditions of dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia were self-reported. Participants (n = 100) were divided into quartiles based on dietary factor scores and the link between dietary patterns and risk factors was investigated.
Three different patterns were derived, which together explained 46% of the total diet variation; eastern pattern, mixed pattern and western pattern. An inverse correlation was found between the eastern pattern and education P = 0.05). A direct correlation was found between the western pattern and physical activity (P = 0.05) and the overall risk of MS (P = 0.05). Body composition was altered as residence time in the UK increased, with a reduction in muscle mass (29-26%) and an increase in body fat (31-37%). Diagnosis criteria for MS were found in 20% of the participants.
Dietary acculturation, including a reduction in vegetarianism, an increased intake of caffeinated drinks and altered meal patterns, may be associated with the higher prevalence of MS in migrant South Asians in the UK.
某些饮食模式与非传染性疾病的风险增加有关，南亚人被确定为高风险群体。本研究旨在确定生活在英国的南亚人饮食模式与代谢综合征（MS）之间的关联。
使用特定于族裔的食物频率问卷，通过主成分分析从 15 种不同食物组中得出饮食模式。测量了 MS 的危险因素，包括肥胖和高血压，而血脂异常和高血糖的现有情况则是自我报告的。根据饮食因素得分将参与者（n=100）分为四组，并研究饮食模式与危险因素之间的联系。
得出了三种不同的模式，它们共同解释了总饮食变化的 46%；东方模式、混合模式和西方模式。东方模式与教育呈负相关（P=0.05）。西方模式与体力活动呈正相关（P=0.05）和整体 MS 风险呈正相关（P=0.05）。随着在英国居住时间的增加，身体成分发生了变化，肌肉质量减少（29-26%），体脂肪增加（31-37%）。在 20%的参与者中发现了 MS 的诊断标准。
饮食文化适应，包括减少素食、增加含咖啡因饮料的摄入和改变用餐模式，可能与英国移民南亚人中 MS 的更高患病率有关。
