Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 5-10 University Terrace, 8303-112 Street, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2T4.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Apr 28;109(8):1479-89. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512003388. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
Data are limited on how dietary sources of energy and nutrient intakes differ among ethnic groups in the USA. The objective of the present study was to characterise dietary sources of energy, total fat, saturated fat, protein, dietary fibre and added sugar for five ethnic groups. A validated quantitative FFQ was used to collect dietary data from 186,916 men and women aged 45-75 years who were living in Hawaii and Los Angeles between 1993 and 1996. Participants represented five ethnic groups: African-American; Japanese-American; Native Hawaiian; Latino; Caucasian. The top ten dietary sources of energy contributed 36·2-49·6% to total energy consumption, with rice and bread contributing the most (11·4-27·8%) across all ethnic-sex groups. Major dietary sources of total fat were chicken/turkey dishes and butter among most groups. Ice cream, ice milk or frozen yogurt contributed 4·6-6·2% to saturated fat intake across all ethnic-sex groups, except Latino-Mexico women. Chicken/turkey and bread were among the top dietary sources of protein (13·9-19·4%). The top two sources of dietary fibre were bread and cereals (18·1-22%) among all groups, except Latino-Mexico men. Regular sodas contributed the most to added sugar consumption. The present study provides, for the first time, data on the major dietary sources of energy, fat, saturated fat, protein, fibre and added sugar for these five ethnic groups in the USA. Such data are valuable for identifying target foods for nutritional intervention programmes and directing public health strategies aimed at reducing dietary risk factors for chronic disease.
关于美国不同族裔人群的能量和营养素摄入的饮食来源，相关数据有限。本研究的目的是描述五个族裔人群的能量、总脂肪、饱和脂肪、蛋白质、膳食纤维和添加糖的饮食来源。采用经过验证的定量食物频率问卷，于 1993 年至 1996 年间在夏威夷和洛杉矶收集了年龄在 45-75 岁的 186916 名男性和女性的饮食数据。参与者代表五个族裔群体：非裔美国人、日裔美国人、夏威夷原住民、拉丁裔、白种人。能量的十大饮食来源占总能量消耗的 36.2-49.6%，在所有族裔-性别群体中，米饭和面包的贡献最大（11.4-27.8%）。总脂肪的主要饮食来源是大多数群体的鸡肉/火鸡菜肴和黄油。除了拉丁裔-墨西哥裔女性外，冰淇淋、冰牛奶或冷冻酸奶对所有族裔-性别群体的饱和脂肪摄入量的贡献为 4.6-6.2%。鸡肉/火鸡和面包是蛋白质的主要饮食来源之一（13.9-19.4%）。除了拉丁裔-墨西哥裔男性外，面包和谷物是膳食纤维的前两个主要饮食来源（18.1-22%）。常规苏打水对添加糖的摄入量贡献最大。本研究首次提供了美国这五个族裔人群的能量、脂肪、饱和脂肪、蛋白质、膳食纤维和添加糖的主要饮食来源的数据。这些数据对于确定营养干预计划的目标食物以及指导旨在减少慢性病饮食风险因素的公共卫生策略非常有价值。
