Kolonel L N, Henderson B E, Hankin J H, Nomura A M, Wilkens L R, Pike M C, Stram D O, Monroe K R, Earle M E, Nagamine F S
Cancer Etiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96813, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Feb 15;151(4):346-57. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010213.
The authors describe the design and implementation of a large multiethnic cohort established to study diet and cancer in the United States. They detail the source of the subjects, sample size, questionnaire development, pilot work, and approaches to future analyses. The cohort consists of 215,251 adult men and women (age 45-75 years at baseline) living in Hawaii and in California (primarily Los Angeles County) with the following ethnic distribution: African-American (16.3%), Latino (22.0%), Japanese-American (26.4%), Native Hawaiian (6.5%), White (22.9%), and other ancestry (5.8%). From 1993 to 1996, participants entered the cohort by completing a 26-page, self-administered mail questionnaire that elicited a quantitative food frequency history, along with demographic and other information. Response rates ranged from 20% in Latinos to 49% in Japanese-Americans. As expected, both within and among ethnic groups, the questionnaire data show substantial variations in dietary intakes (nutrients as well as foods) and in the distributions of non-dietary risk factors (including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical activity). When compared with corresponding ethnic-specific cancer incidence rates, the findings provide tentative support for several current dietary hypotheses. As sufficient numbers of cancer cases are identified through surveillance of the cohort, dietary and other hypotheses will be tested in prospective analyses.
作者描述了为研究美国饮食与癌症而建立的一个大型多民族队列的设计与实施情况。他们详细介绍了研究对象的来源、样本量、问卷编制、预试验工作以及未来的分析方法。该队列由居住在夏威夷和加利福尼亚州（主要是洛杉矶县）的215,251名成年男女（基线年龄为45 - 75岁）组成，其种族分布如下：非裔美国人（16.3%）、拉丁裔（22.0%）、日裔美国人（26.4%）、夏威夷原住民（6.5%）、白人（22.9%）以及其他血统（5.8%）。1993年至1996年期间，参与者通过填写一份26页的自填式邮寄问卷进入队列，该问卷收集了定量的食物频率史以及人口统计学和其他信息。回复率从拉丁裔的20%到日裔美国人的49%不等。正如预期的那样，在种族群体内部和群体之间，问卷数据显示饮食摄入量（营养素以及食物）和非饮食风险因素（包括吸烟、饮酒、肥胖和身体活动）的分布存在很大差异。与相应种族特定的癌症发病率相比，这些发现为当前的几种饮食假说提供了初步支持。随着通过对该队列的监测识别出足够数量的癌症病例，饮食及其他假说将在前瞻性分析中得到检验。
