在比利时开展的全国性横断面调查显示，通过在面包中添加碘盐来纠正学龄儿童的碘缺乏症，但对其母亲无效。

Fortification of bread with iodized salt corrected iodine deficiency in school-aged children, but not in their mothers: a national cross-sectional survey in Belgium.

机构信息

Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium.

出版信息

Thyroid. 2012 Oct;22(10):1046-53. doi: 10.1089/thy.2012.0016. Epub 2012 Sep 4.

DOI:10.1089/thy.2012.0016

PMID:22947351

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In the years 1985-1998, it was noted that mild iodine deficiency (MID) was a public health problem in Belgium. Therefore, an agreement was signed in 2009 between the bakery sector and the Ministry of Health, to fortify bread with iodized salt. We tested the hypothesis that the iodine status of Belgian children improved after the introduction of bread fortified with iodized salt. Since the dietary habits of children and adults may differ, we also investigated whether the median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among the children in this study reflected the iodine status of their mothers.

METHODS

The study was cross-sectional. In a van, equipped with an ultrasound device, the thyroid volumes (Tvol) of children were measured and household salt samples and urine samples were collected from the children and their mothers. From across Belgium, 60 schools were selected and 1541 children participated in the study.

RESULTS

The median UIC in children was 113.1 and 84.4 μg/L among their mothers. The median UIC among children was substantially greater compared to more than 10 years ago (80 μg/L; p<0.001). The median UIC in school-aged children was lower in Wallonia than in Flanders (p<0.001) and was higher in boys than in girls (p<0.001). The percentage of children with goiter was 7.2%. Of the 904 salt samples received, 63.2% did not contain iodine.

CONCLUSIONS

Fortification of bread with iodized salt corrected iodine deficiency in Belgian children, but not in their mothers. To provide these women with an adequate iodine intake, the use of both iodized salt in bread and iodized instead of noniodized household salt needs to increase. Our findings suggest that the median UIC in children may not be an adequate surrogate of adults' iodine status. Therefore, monitoring iodine status should not be limited to children, but should be extended to women of child-bearing age.

摘要

背景

1985 年至 1998 年间，轻度碘缺乏症（MID）在比利时是一个公共卫生问题。因此，2009 年面包行业与卫生部签署了一项协议，规定在面包中添加碘盐进行强化。我们验证了这样一个假设，即在比利时引入添加碘盐的面包后，儿童的碘营养状况得到了改善。由于儿童和成人的饮食习惯可能不同，我们还研究了本研究中儿童的中位数尿碘浓度（UIC）是否反映了其母亲的碘营养状况。

方法

本研究为横断面研究。在一辆配备超声设备的面包车内，测量了儿童的甲状腺容积（Tvol），并从儿童及其母亲那里采集了家庭盐样和尿液样。从比利时各地选择了 60 所学校，共有 1541 名儿童参与了这项研究。

结果

儿童的中位数 UIC 为 113.1μg/L，其母亲的中位数 UIC 为 84.4μg/L。与 10 多年前相比（80μg/L；p<0.001），儿童的中位数 UIC 显著增加。与佛兰德斯相比，瓦隆大区的学龄儿童的中位数 UIC 较低（p<0.001），男孩的中位数 UIC 高于女孩（p<0.001）。甲状腺肿大的儿童比例为 7.2%。收到的 904 份盐样中，有 63.2%不含碘。