Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Centre of Nephrology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Nutrients. 2022 Sep 16;14(18):3817. doi: 10.3390/nu14183817.
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. A reduction in salt intake is among the most cost-effective strategies to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing potassium lowers blood pressure and is associated with lower cardiovascular risk. Adequate iodine intake is important to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Salt iodization is a key strategy to prevent such deficiency. In Lithuania, no surveys have been performed to directly assess sodium, potassium and iodine consumption. The aim of the present study was to measure sodium, potassium and iodine intake in a randomly selected adult Lithuanian adult population using 24 h urine collections, and to assess knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards salt consumption. Salt and potassium intakes were estimated in 888 randomly selected participants by 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion and 679 individuals provided suitable 24 h urine samples for the analysis of iodine excretion. Average salt intake was 10.0 (SD 5.3) g/24 h and average potassium intake was 3.3 (SD 1.3) g/24 h. Only 12.5% of participants consumed less than 5 g/24 h of salt. The median value of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 95.5 μg/L. Our study showed that average salt intake is twice as high as the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization while potassium and iodine intakes in Lithuania are below the recommended levels.
高血压是心血管事件和死亡的主要危险因素。减少盐的摄入量是降低血压和心血管疾病风险最具成本效益的策略之一。增加钾的摄入量可以降低血压，并且与降低心血管风险相关。摄入足够的碘对于预防碘缺乏症很重要。食盐碘化是预防此类缺乏症的关键策略。在立陶宛，尚未进行直接评估钠、钾和碘摄入量的调查。本研究的目的是使用 24 小时尿液收集来测量随机选择的立陶宛成年人群的钠、钾和碘摄入量，并评估对盐摄入量的知识、态度和行为。通过 24 小时尿液钠和钾排泄，对 888 名随机选择的参与者进行盐和钾摄入量的估计，679 名个体提供了适当的 24 小时尿液样本，用于分析碘排泄。平均盐摄入量为 10.0（SD 5.3）g/24 h，平均钾摄入量为 3.3（SD 1.3）g/24 h。只有 12.5%的参与者盐摄入量低于 5 g/24 h。尿碘浓度（UIC）的中位数为 95.5μg/L。我们的研究表明，立陶宛的平均盐摄入量是世界卫生组织推荐的最高水平的两倍，而钾和碘的摄入量低于推荐水平。
