The New Zealand Institute Plant and Food Research Limited , Post Office Box 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand.
J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Sep 26;60(38):9562-6. doi: 10.1021/jf302874g. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
The volatile compounds emitted from uninfested apple seedlings, cv. Royal Gala, and apple seedlings infested with generalist herbivore Epiphyas postvittana larvae were sampled using headspace collection and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nine additional compounds were only detected in infested apple seedlings [including benzyl alcohol, (E)-β-ocimene, benzyl cyanide, indole, (E)-nerolidol, and four unidentified compounds]. Infested apple seedlings produced larger amounts of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, methyl salicylate, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate than uninfested plants. Female parasitoids flew exclusively upwind to infested and not to uninfested apple seedlings in wind tunnel choice tests and preferred infested leaflets in still air, even after the removal of larvae. The attraction of a parasitoid to infested apple seedlings in the laboratory and in the field to apple and many other plants in at least six families supports considerable generality of the tritrophic signaling process.
采用顶空采集法从未受桃小食心虫侵害的皇家嘎拉苹果幼苗和受桃小食心虫侵害的苹果幼苗中提取挥发物，并通过气相色谱-质谱法进行分析。在受侵害的苹果幼苗中还检测到了另外 9 种化合物[包括苯甲醇、(E)-β-罗勒烯、苯乙腈、吲哚、(E)-香叶醇和 4 种未鉴定的化合物]。受侵害的苹果幼苗产生的(Z)-3-己烯基乙酸酯、芳樟醇、4,8-二甲基-1,3(E),7-壬三烯、甲基水杨酸酯、β-石竹烯、大根香叶烯 D、(E,E)-α-法呢烯和(Z)-3-己烯基苯甲酸酯的量大于未受侵害的植物。在风洞选择试验中，雌性寄生蜂只朝着受侵害和未受侵害的苹果幼苗逆风飞行，而在静风条件下，即使在幼虫被移除后，它们也更喜欢受侵害的叶片。寄生蜂在实验室和野外对受侵害的苹果幼苗以及苹果和至少六个科的许多其他植物的吸引力支持了三营养级信号传递过程的相当大的普遍性。
