Giacomuzzi Valentino, Cappellin Luca, Nones Stefano, Khomenko Iuliia, Biasioli Franco, Knight Alan L, Angeli Sergio
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Italy; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, 02138 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Phytochemistry. 2017 Jun;138:104-115. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.03.001. Epub 2017 Mar 11.
This study investigated the diel emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from intact apple (Malus x domestica Borkh., cv. Golden Delicious) and grape (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Pinot Noir) foliage. Volatiles were monitored continuously for 48 h by proton transfer reaction - time of flight - mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). In addition, volatiles were collected by closed-loop-stripping-analysis (CLSA) and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after 1 h and again 24 and 48 h later. Fourteen and ten volatiles were characterized by GC-MS in apple and grape, respectively. The majority of these were terpenes, followed by green leaf volatiles, and aromatic compounds. The PTR-ToF-MS identified 10 additional compounds and established their diel emission rhythms. The most abundant volatiles displaying a diel rhythm included methanol and dimethyl sulfide in both plants, acetone in grape, and mono-, homo- and sesquiterpenes in apple. The majority of volatiles were released from both plants during the photophase; whereas methanol, CO, methyl-butenol and benzeneacetaldehyde were released at significantly higher levels during the scotophase. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, and some green leaf volatiles showed distinct emission bursts in both plants following the daily light switch-off. These new results obtained with a combined analytical approach broaden our understanding of the rhythms of constitutive volatile release from two important horticultural crops. In particular, diel emission of sulfur and nitrogen-containing volatiles are reported here for the first time in these two crops.
本研究调查了完整苹果（苹果属× domestica Borkh.，品种金冠）和葡萄（葡萄属vinifera L.，品种黑皮诺）叶片挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的昼夜排放情况。通过质子转移反应-飞行时间质谱（PTR-ToF-MS）连续监测挥发性物质48小时。此外，挥发性物质通过闭环吹扫分析（CLSA）收集，并在1小时后以及24小时和48小时后通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）进行表征。GC-MS分别在苹果和葡萄中鉴定出14种和10种挥发性物质。其中大多数是萜类化合物，其次是绿叶挥发物和芳香族化合物。PTR-ToF-MS鉴定出另外10种化合物，并确定了它们的昼夜排放节律。两种植物中表现出昼夜节律的最丰富挥发性物质包括甲醇和二甲基硫醚，葡萄中的丙酮，以及苹果中的单萜、倍半萜和二萜。大多数挥发性物质在光期从两种植物中释放；而甲醇、一氧化碳、甲基丁烯醇和苯乙醛在暗期释放水平显著更高。乙醛、乙醇和一些绿叶挥发物在每日光照关闭后在两种植物中都表现出明显的排放高峰。通过联合分析方法获得的这些新结果拓宽了我们对两种重要园艺作物组成型挥发性物质释放节律的理解。特别是，这两种作物中含硫和含氮挥发性物质的昼夜排放情况在此首次报道。
