Department of Health Statistics and Information Systems, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42843. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042843. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
To assess the magnitude and pattern of socioeconomic inequality in current smoking in low and middle income countries.
We used data from the World Health Survey [WHS] in 48 low-income and middle-income countries to estimate the crude prevalence of current smoking according to household wealth quintile. A Poisson regression model with a robust variance was used to generate the Relative Index of Inequality [RII] according to wealth within each of the countries studied.
In males, smoking was disproportionately prevalent in the poor in the majority of countries. In numerous countries the poorest men were over 2.5 times more likely to smoke than the richest men. Socioeconomic inequality in women was more varied showing patterns of both pro-rich and pro-poor inequality. In 20 countries pro-rich relative socioeconomic inequality was statistically significant: the poorest women had a higher prevalence of smoking compared to the richest women. Conversely, in 9 countries women in the richest population groups had a statistically significant greater risk of smoking compared to the poorest groups.
Both the pattern and magnitude of relative inequality may vary greatly between countries. Prevention measures should address the specific pattern of smoking inequality observed within a population.
评估中低收入国家当前吸烟的社会经济不平等程度和模式。
我们使用来自 48 个低收入和中等收入国家的世界卫生调查[WHS]的数据，根据家庭财富五分位数来估计当前吸烟的粗患病率。使用具有稳健方差的泊松回归模型，根据每个研究国家的财富生成相对不平等指数[RII]。
在男性中，吸烟在大多数国家的贫困人口中不成比例地普遍存在。在许多国家，最贫穷的男性吸烟的可能性是最富有的男性的两倍多。女性的社会经济不平等更为多样化，存在贫富两方面的不平等。在 20 个国家，相对社会经济不平等具有统计学意义：与最富有的女性相比，最贫穷的女性吸烟的比例更高。相反，在 9 个国家，与最贫穷的人群相比，最富裕的人群中女性吸烟的风险具有统计学意义上更大。
国家之间相对不平等的模式和程度可能有很大差异。预防措施应针对特定人群中观察到的吸烟不平等模式。
