Department of Public Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2013 Oct;86(7):777-87. doi: 10.1007/s00420-012-0814-0. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
This study aimed to determine that home environmental factors were associated with atopic dermatitis in Japanese elementary school children.
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4,254 children in 12 public elementary schools in Sapporo city in Hokkaido, Japan were examined. Atopic dermatitis was defined using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The questionnaires also contained 14 questions about the child's home environment. To obtain multivariate-adjusted ORs for atopic dermatitis in relation to the home environment, we controlled for possible confounders including gender, school grade, parental history of allergies, number of siblings, and whether the child was firstborn. The study participants were then divided into two groups according to gender, and a stratified analysis was performed to obtain adjusted ORs for atopic dermatitis in relation to the home environment.
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in our sample was 16.7 %. Using fully adjusted models, the risk factors for atopic dermatitis were found to be the household use of a non-electric heating system without a ventilation duct to the outside (compared to the use of an electric heating system), having visible mould in the house, having a mouldy odour in the house, and condensation on the windowpanes in the house odds ratios (OR 1.25-1.54). In our stratified analysis, having visible mould and having a mouldy odour in the house were relevantly found to be risk factors for boys (OR 1.28-1.64). However, these associations were not found among girls.
To improve children's health, further study is needed to corroborate the findings.
本研究旨在确定家庭环境因素与日本小学生特应性皮炎之间的关系。
在这项横断面研究中，对日本北海道札幌市 12 所公立小学的 4254 名儿童进行了检查。特应性皮炎采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究问卷调查进行定义。问卷还包含了 14 个关于儿童家庭环境的问题。为了获得与家庭环境有关的特应性皮炎的多变量调整后的优势比（OR），我们控制了可能的混杂因素，包括性别、学校年级、父母过敏史、兄弟姐妹数量以及孩子是否是长子/长女。然后根据性别将研究参与者分为两组，并进行分层分析，以获得与家庭环境有关的特应性皮炎的调整后 OR。
我们样本中特应性皮炎的患病率为 16.7%。使用完全调整的模型，发现特应性皮炎的危险因素是家庭使用无外部通风管道的非电加热系统（与使用电加热系统相比）、房屋内可见霉菌、房屋内有霉味以及房屋内窗玻璃上有冷凝水（比值比 1.25-1.54）。在我们的分层分析中，房屋内可见霉菌和有霉味被发现是男孩的危险因素（比值比 1.28-1.64）。然而，这些关联在女孩中并未发现。
为了改善儿童的健康，需要进一步研究来证实这些发现。
