Chien Jung Hung, Suh Irene H, Park Shi-Hyun, Mukherjee Mukul, Oleynikov Dmitry, Siu Ka-Chun
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Surg Innov. 2013 Apr;20(2):198-203. doi: 10.1177/1553350612458545. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
The development of a virtual reality (VR) training platform provides an affordable interface. The learning effect of VR and the capability of skill transfer from the VR environment to clinical tasks require more investigation.
Here, 14 medical students performed 2 fundamental surgical tasks-bimanual carrying (BC) and peg transfer (PT)-in actual and virtual environments. Participants in the VR group received VR training, whereas participants in the control group played a 3D game. The learning effect was examined by comparing kinematics between pretraining and posttraining in the da Vinci Surgical System. Differences between VR and playing the 3D game were also examined.
Those who were trained with the VR simulator had significantly better performance in both actual PT (P = .002) and BC (P < .001) tasks. The time to task completion and the total distance traveled were significantly decreased in both surgical tasks in the VR group compared with the 3D game group. However, playing the 3D game showed no significant enhancement of fundamental surgical skills in the actual PT task. The difference between pretraining and posttraining was significantly larger in the VR group than in the 3D game group in both the time to task completion (P = .002) and the total distance traveled (P = .027) for the actual PT task. Participants who played the 3D game seemed to perform even worse in posttraining.
Training with the portable VR simulator improved robot-assisted surgical skill proficiency in comparison to playing a 3D game.
虚拟现实（VR）训练平台的开发提供了一个经济实惠的界面。VR的学习效果以及从VR环境到临床任务的技能转移能力需要更多的研究。
在此，14名医学生在实际和虚拟环境中执行两项基本外科任务——双手持物（BC）和移钉（PT）。VR组的参与者接受VR训练，而对照组的参与者玩一款3D游戏。通过比较达芬奇手术系统中训练前和训练后的运动学来检验学习效果。还检查了VR与玩3D游戏之间的差异。
接受VR模拟器训练的人在实际PT任务（P = 0.002）和BC任务（P < 0.001）中的表现均明显更好。与3D游戏组相比，VR组在两项手术任务中的任务完成时间和总移动距离均显著减少。然而，玩3D游戏在实际PT任务中并未显示出基本外科技能的显著提高。在实际PT任务的任务完成时间（P = 0.002）和总移动距离（P = 0.027）方面，VR组训练前和训练后的差异均显著大于3D游戏组。玩3D游戏的参与者在训练后的表现似乎更差。
与玩3D游戏相比，使用便携式VR模拟器进行训练可提高机器人辅助手术技能的熟练程度。
