D'Andrea Nadia, Vigliarolo Rossana, Sanguinetti Claudio M
Pulmonary and Intensive Care Unit, San Filippo Neri General Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Multidiscip Respir Med. 2010 Jun 30;5(3):173-82. doi: 10.1186/2049-6958-5-3-173.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) and are due to a dysregulation of the antimicrobial defense normally provided by the intestinal mucosa. This inflammatory process may extend outside the bowel to many organs and also to the respiratory tract. The respiratory involvement in IBD may be completely asymptomatic and detected only at lung function assessment, or it may present as bronchial disease or lung parenchymal alterations. Corticosteroids, both systemic and aerosolized, are the mainstay of the therapeutical approach, while antibiotics must be also administered in the case of infectious and suppurative processes, whose sequels sometimes require surgical intervention. The relatively high incidence of bronchopulmonary complications in IBD suggests the need for a careful investigation of these patients in order to detect a possible respiratory involvement, even when they are asymptomatic.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD），是由肠道黏膜正常提供的抗菌防御功能失调所致。这种炎症过程可能会延伸至肠道以外的许多器官，也可能累及呼吸道。IBD患者的呼吸道受累可能完全没有症状，仅在肺功能评估时被发现，或者可能表现为支气管疾病或肺实质改变。全身性和雾化吸入的皮质类固醇是治疗方法的主要支柱，而在发生感染性和化脓性过程时也必须使用抗生素，其后遗症有时需要手术干预。IBD患者支气管肺并发症的发生率相对较高，这表明即使这些患者没有症状，也需要对其进行仔细检查，以发现可能的呼吸道受累情况。
