Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2012 Oct 1;23(10):1224-32. doi: 10.1177/0956797612441951. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
Is human odor perception guided by memory or emotion? Object-centered accounts predict that recognition of unique odor qualities precedes valence decoding. Valence-centered accounts predict the opposite: that stimulus-driven valence responses precede and guide identification. In a speeded response time study, participants smelled paired odors, presented sequentially, and indicated whether the second odor in each pair belonged to the same category as the first (object evaluation task) or whether the second odor was more pleasant than the first (valence evaluation task). Object evaluation was faster and more accurate than valence evaluation. In a complementary experiment, participants performed an identification task, in which they indicated whether an odor matched the previously presented word label. Responses were quicker for odors preceded by semantically matching, rather than nonmatching, word labels, but results showed no evidence of interference from valence on nonmatching trials. These results are in accordance with object-centered accounts of odor perception.
人类的嗅觉感知是受记忆还是情感引导的？以物体为中心的解释预测，对独特气味质量的识别先于价值解码。以价值为中心的解释则预测相反的情况：即刺激驱动的价值反应先于并引导识别。在一项快速反应时间研究中，参与者闻到成对的气味，依次呈现，并指出每对中的第二气味是否与第一气味属于同一类别（物体评估任务），或者第二气味是否比第一气味更令人愉悦（价值评估任务）。物体评估比价值评估更快、更准确。在一项补充实验中，参与者执行了一项识别任务，他们要指出一种气味是否与之前呈现的单词标签匹配。对于由语义匹配而不是不匹配的单词标签所引导的气味，反应更快，但结果没有显示出价值在不匹配试验中产生干扰的证据。这些结果与气味感知的以物体为中心的解释一致。
