Delplanque Sylvain, Grandjean Didier, Chrea Christelle, Coppin Géraldine, Aymard Laurence, Cayeux Isabelle, Margot Christian, Velazco Maria Inés, Sander David, Scherer Klaus R
Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva.
Emotion. 2009 Jun;9(3):316-28. doi: 10.1037/a0015369.
We investigated the effects of odors on appraisal processes and consequent emotional responses. The main goal was to test whether an odor is detected as novel or familiar before it is evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant. Participants performed a recognition task in which they were presented with pairs of unpleasant or pleasant odors (sample and target odors). Within a pair, the sample and target were either identical or different to assess participants' novelty detection; unpleasant and pleasant target odors were contrasted to examine participants' appraisal of intrinsic pleasantness. We measured facial expressions using electromyography and physiological reactions using electrocardiogram and electrodermal activity in response to odors. The earliest effects on facial muscles and heart rate occurred in response to novelty detection. Later effects on facial muscles and heart rate were related to pleasantness evaluation. This study is the first to demonstrate the existence of a sequence of appraisal checks for odors eliciting emotional reaction.
我们研究了气味对评估过程及随之产生的情绪反应的影响。主要目标是测试一种气味在被评估为愉悦或不愉悦之前，是否会被检测为新奇或熟悉。参与者执行了一项识别任务，在该任务中，他们会看到成对的不愉快或愉快气味（样本气味和目标气味）。在一对气味中，样本和目标要么相同，要么不同，以评估参与者对新奇性的检测；将不愉快和愉快的目标气味进行对比，以检查参与者对内在愉悦性的评估。我们使用肌电图测量面部表情，并使用心电图和皮肤电活动测量对气味的生理反应。对面部肌肉和心率的最早影响出现在对新奇性检测的反应中。后来对面部肌肉和心率的影响与愉悦性评估有关。这项研究首次证明了存在一系列针对引发情绪反应的气味的评估检查。
