Institute of Molecular Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2013 Feb;60(1):22-34. doi: 10.1111/zph.12002. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
Rabies is the oldest known zoonotic disease and was also the first recognized bat associated infection in humans. To date, four different lyssavirus species are the causative agents of rabies in European bats: the European Bat Lyssaviruses type 1 and 2 (EBLV-1, EBLV-2), the recently discovered putative new lyssavirus species Bokeloh Bat Lyssavirus (BBLV) and the West Caucasian Bat Virus (WCBV). Unlike in the new world, bat rabies cases in Europe are comparatively less frequent, possibly as a result of varying intensity of surveillance. Thus, the objective was to provide an assessment of the bat rabies surveillance data in Europe, taking both reported data to the WHO Rabies Bulletin Europe and published results into account. In Europe, 959 bat rabies cases were reported to the RBE in the time period 1977-2010 with the vast majority characterized as EBLV-1, frequently isolated in the Netherlands, North Germany, Denmark, Poland and also in parts of France and Spain. Most EBLV-2 isolates originated from the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands, and EBLV-2 was also detected in Germany, Finland and Switzerland. Thus far, only one isolate of BBLV was found in Germany. Published passive bat rabies surveillance comprised testing of 28 of the 52 different European bat species for rabies. EBLV-1 was isolated exclusively from Serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus and Eptesicus isabellinus), while EBLV-2 was detected in 14 Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) and 5 Pond bats (Myotis dasycneme). A virus from a single Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) was characterized as BBLV. During active surveillance, only oral swabs from 2 Daubenton's bats (EBLV-2) and from several Eptesicus bats (EBLV-1) yielded virus positive RNA. Virus neutralizing antibodies against lyssaviruses were detected in various European bat species from different countries, and its value and implications are discussed.
狂犬病是已知最古老的人畜共患病，也是人类最早确认的与蝙蝠有关的感染病。迄今为止，欧洲蝙蝠中的 4 种不同的狂犬病病毒属（lyssavirus）是狂犬病的病原体：欧洲蝙蝠 1 型和 2 型狂犬病病毒（EBLV-1、EBLV-2）、最近发现的假定新狂犬病病毒属 Bokeloh 蝙蝠狂犬病病毒（BBLV）和西高加索蝙蝠病毒（WCBV）。与新世界不同，欧洲的蝙蝠狂犬病病例相对较少，这可能是由于监测强度不同所致。因此，本研究旨在评估欧洲蝙蝠狂犬病监测数据，既考虑到向世卫组织狂犬病通报欧洲报告的数据，也考虑到已发表的结果。1977 年至 2010 年期间，欧洲向 RBE 报告了 959 例蝙蝠狂犬病病例，其中绝大多数为 EBLV-1，在荷兰、德国北部、丹麦、波兰，以及法国和西班牙的部分地区经常分离到该病毒。大多数 EBLV-2 分离株源自英国（UK）和荷兰，德国、芬兰和瑞士也检测到了 EBLV-2。迄今为止，德国仅发现了一个 BBLV 分离株。已发表的被动蝙蝠狂犬病监测包括对 52 种不同的欧洲蝙蝠物种中的 28 种进行狂犬病检测。EBLV-1 仅从长尾蝙蝠（Eptesicus serotinus 和 Eptesicus isabellinus）中分离出来，而 EBLV-2 则在 14 种大棕蝠（Myotis daubentonii）和 5 种普通伏翼（Myotis dasycneme）中检测到。一种来自一只短耳蝙蝠（Myotis nattereri）的病毒被鉴定为 BBLV。在主动监测中，只有来自 2 只大棕蝠（EBLV-2）和几只长尾蝙蝠（EBLV-1）的口腔拭子检测到病毒阳性 RNA。在来自不同国家的不同欧洲蝙蝠物种中检测到针对狂犬病病毒的病毒中和抗体，并且讨论了其价值和意义。
