Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Viruses. 2021 Aug 3;13(8):1538. doi: 10.3390/v13081538.
Lyssaviruses are the causative agents for rabies, a zoonotic and fatal disease. Bats are the ancestral reservoir host for lyssaviruses, and at least three different lyssaviruses have been found in bats from Germany. Across Europe, novel lyssaviruses were identified in bats recently and occasional spillover infections in other mammals and human cases highlight their public health relevance. Here, we report the results from an enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance that encompasses samples without human contact that would not be tested under routine conditions. To this end, 1236 bat brain samples obtained between 2018 and 2020 were screened for lyssaviruses via several RT-qPCR assays. European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) was dominant, with 15 positives exclusively found in serotine bats () from northern Germany. Additionally, when an archived set of bat samples that had tested negative for rabies by the FAT were screened in the process of assay validation, four samples tested EBLV-1 positive, including two detected in . Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of 17 full genomes assigned all except one of these viruses to the A1 cluster of the EBLV-1a sub-lineage. Furthermore, we report here another Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) infection in a Natterer's bat () found in Lower Saxony, the tenth reported case of this novel bat lyssavirus.
狂犬病毒属病毒是狂犬病的病原体，狂犬病是一种人畜共患的致命疾病。蝙蝠是狂犬病毒的原始宿主库，至少有三种不同的狂犬病毒在德国蝙蝠中被发现。在欧洲，最近在蝙蝠中发现了新型狂犬病毒，偶尔会有其他哺乳动物和人类的溢出感染病例，这突出了它们对公共卫生的重要性。在这里，我们报告了一项强化的被动蝙蝠狂犬病监测的结果，该监测包括了没有人类接触的样本，这些样本在常规条件下不会进行检测。为此，我们对 2018 年至 2020 年间获得的 1236 个蝙蝠脑组织样本进行了几种 RT-qPCR 检测，以筛查狂犬病毒。欧洲蝙蝠 1 型狂犬病毒（EBLV-1）是主要的病毒类型，在来自德国北部的长尾蝙蝠中发现了 15 个阳性样本，这些样本是唯一的阳性样本。此外，当在检测过程中对一组经 FAT 检测为狂犬病阴性的存档蝙蝠样本进行 EBLV-1 筛查时，有 4 个样本检测为 EBLV-1 阳性，其中 2 个样本在长尾蝙蝠中检测到。随后对 17 个全长基因组进行的系统发育分析，将除一个病毒以外的所有病毒都归入 EBLV-1a 亚谱系 A1 簇。此外，我们还报告了在下萨克森州发现的一种纳特尔蝙蝠中另一种 Bokeloh 蝙蝠狂犬病毒（BBLV）感染，这是该新型蝙蝠狂犬病毒的第十个报告病例。
