Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Sep;26(3):609-24. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2012.06.003.
This article reviews the normal immune response to vaccines. It describes the effect of different immunosuppressive therapies (glucocorticoids, inhibitors of calcineurin and mTOR, azathioprine, mycophenolate acid, methotrexate, depleting and nondepleting monoclonal antibodies, and tumor necrosis factor antagonists) on critical steps in the cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccines. The impact of age-related involution of thymus and bone marrow on the immune reconstitution in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and human immunodeficiency virus is covered. A practical approach to vaccinating and preparing travelers with severe immunosuppression is proposed.
本文回顾了疫苗的正常免疫反应。它描述了不同免疫抑制疗法（糖皮质激素、钙调神经磷酸酶和 mTOR 抑制剂、硫唑嘌呤、霉酚酸酯、甲氨蝶呤、耗竭性和非耗竭性单克隆抗体以及肿瘤坏死因子拮抗剂）对疫苗引起的细胞和体液免疫反应的关键步骤的影响。还涵盖了年龄相关的胸腺和骨髓萎缩对异基因造血细胞移植受者和人类免疫缺陷病毒免疫重建的影响。提出了一种针对严重免疫抑制者接种疫苗和准备旅行者的实用方法。
