Castelli F, Patroni A
Institute of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Dec;31(6):1403-8. doi: 10.1086/317488. Epub 2000 Nov 29.
As the number of travelers from industrialized countries who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases as a consequence of the clinical benefits of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), updated prophylactic knowledge is needed. Vaccine prophylaxis must balance the safety and immunogenicity of vaccines with the estimated risk of acquiring the disease. Further research is needed on antimalarial chemoprophylaxis for travelers who are HAART recipients, because of possible pharmacokinetic interactions. Safe sex practices must be adopted to avoid both spreading of the infection in the host country and superinfection with different HIV strains. Most individuals infected with HIV may travel safely, even though the infectious risk has been reported to be higher for patients with advanced infections than for the general population. These patients are also less likely to produce an effective immune response to vaccines. Migrants and refugees from poor countries are also at risk of acquiring HIV infection. Their legal-residency status may often prevent their access to adequate health services, thus necessitating urgent public health actions.
随着因高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）带来的临床益处，来自工业化国家感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的旅行者数量增加，需要更新预防知识。疫苗预防必须在疫苗的安全性和免疫原性与感染疾病的估计风险之间取得平衡。由于可能存在药代动力学相互作用，对于接受HAART治疗的旅行者的抗疟化学预防需要进一步研究。必须采取安全性行为，以避免在东道国传播感染以及感染不同的HIV毒株。大多数感染HIV的人可以安全旅行，尽管据报道晚期感染患者的感染风险高于普通人群。这些患者对疫苗产生有效免疫反应的可能性也较小。来自贫穷国家的移民和难民也有感染HIV的风险。他们的合法居留身份往往可能使他们无法获得足够的医疗服务，因此需要采取紧急公共卫生行动。
