Caca Ihsan, Cingu Abdullah Kursat, Sahin Alparslan, Ari Seyhmus, Dursun Mehmet Emin, Dag Umut, Balsak Selahattin, Alakus Fuat, Yavuz Abdullah, Palanci Yilmaz
Department of Ophthalmology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2013 Jan-Feb;50(1):37-43. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20120804-02. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
To investigate the prevalence of refractive errors and other eye diseases, incidence and types of amblyopia in school-aged children, and their relation to gender, age, parental education, and socioeconomic factors.
A total of 21,062 children 6 to 14 years old were screened. The examination included visual acuity measurements and ocular motility evaluation. Autorefraction under cycloplegia and examination of the external eye, anterior segment, media, and fundus were performed.
There were 11,118 females and 9,944 males. The average age was 10.56 ± 3.59 years. When all of the children were evaluated, 3.2% had myopia and 5.9% had hyperopia. Astigmatism 0.50 D or greater was present in 14.3% of children. Myopia was associated with older age, female gender, and higher parental education. Hyperopia was inversely proportional with older age. Spectacles were needed in 4,476 (22.7%) children with refractive errors, and 10.6% of children were unaware of their spectacle needs. Amblyopia was detected in 2.6% of all children. The most common causes of amblyopia were anisometropia (1.2%) and strabismus (0.9%).
Visual impairment is a common disorder in school-aged children. Eye health screening programs are beneficial in early detection and proper treatment of refractive errors.
调查学龄儿童屈光不正及其他眼病的患病率、弱视的发病率和类型，以及它们与性别、年龄、父母教育程度和社会经济因素的关系。
对21,062名6至14岁的儿童进行筛查。检查包括视力测量和眼球运动评估。进行睫状肌麻痹下的自动验光以及眼外部、眼前段、眼内介质和眼底检查。
女性11,118名，男性9,944名。平均年龄为10.56±3.59岁。对所有儿童进行评估时，3.2%患有近视，5.9%患有远视。14.3%的儿童散光度数≥0.50 D。近视与年龄较大、女性性别和父母较高的教育程度相关。远视与年龄较大成反比。4,476名（22.7%）屈光不正儿童需要佩戴眼镜，10.6%的儿童不知道自己需要佩戴眼镜。所有儿童中2.6%被检测出患有弱视。弱视最常见的原因是屈光参差（1.2%）和斜视（0.9%）。
视力损害是学龄儿童中的常见疾病。眼部健康筛查计划有助于早期发现和正确治疗屈光不正。
