University of Bristol.
Child Dev. 2012 Sep-Oct;83(5):1591-607. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01796.x.
In spite of important differences in some of the resources immigrant parents have to invest in their children, and in immigrant selection rules and settlement policies, there are significant similarities in the relative positions of 4- and 5-year-old children of immigrants in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Children of immigrants underperform their counterparts with native-born parents in vocabulary tests, particularly if a language other than the official language is spoken at home, but are not generally disadvantaged in nonverbal cognitive domains, nor are there notable behavioral differences. These findings suggest that the cross-country differences in cognitive outcomes during the teen years documented in the existing literature are much less evident during the early years.
尽管移民父母在为子女投入的资源方面存在一些重要差异，而且移民的选择规则和定居政策也存在差异，但在澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国，4 岁和 5 岁的移民儿童的相对地位却存在显著的相似之处。在词汇测试中，移民儿童的表现不如本国出生的父母的子女，如果家里说的不是官方语言，情况尤其如此，但在非言语认知领域，他们一般并不处于劣势，行为上也没有明显差异。这些发现表明，现有文献中记录的青少年时期跨国认知结果的差异，在幼儿期并不那么明显。
