Gupta Tulika, Aggarwal Anjali, Sahni Daisy
Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2013 Mar;35(2):137-42. doi: 10.1007/s00276-012-1018-8. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
The sphenoid ostium (SO) provides a natural portal for entering the sphenoid sinus and beyond up to the skull base. It is not always easy to locate the ostium during the endoscopic approach. The present study was designed to establish readily identifiable anatomical landmarks for locating the sphenoid ostium.
Cadaveric dissection was performed in 30 hemisections of head and neck and various measurements were taken from fixed anatomical landmarks in the nasal cavity to the sphenoid ostium. The size, shape and position of sphenoid ostium were determined in relation to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and the superior turbinate.
The mean distance from the supero-lateral angle of the posterior choana to the SO was found to be 21.21 ± 6.02 mm. The mean distance of the SO from the midline was 4.85 ± 2.89 mm. In all the specimens, the SO was situated within 1 cm of the midline. The mean distance between the inferior end of the SO and the postero-inferior edge of the superior turbinate was 8.03 ± 3.52 mm. The SO was present on an average distance of 55.1 ± 3.54 mm from the limen nasi. In 93.3 % of the specimens, the SO was situated between 5 and 6 cm of the inferior end of the limen nasi. The angle between the anterior nasal spine and the SO was found to be remarkably constant. In 93.3 % of the specimens, it was from 25° to 30°.
The sphenoid ostium could be localized medial to the superior turbinate between 1.5 and 3 cm above the supero-lateral angle of the posterior choana, within 1 cm of the midline and within 1 cm of the postero-inferior edge of the superior turbinate.
蝶窦开口（SO）为进入蝶窦乃至颅底提供了一个自然通道。在内镜手术过程中，定位蝶窦开口并不总是容易的。本研究旨在建立易于识别的解剖标志以定位蝶窦开口。
对30例头颈部半侧标本进行尸体解剖，并从鼻腔内固定的解剖标志到蝶窦开口进行各种测量。根据蝶窦前壁和上鼻甲确定蝶窦开口的大小、形状和位置。
发现后鼻孔上外角至蝶窦开口的平均距离为21.21±6.02毫米。蝶窦开口至中线的平均距离为4.85±2.89毫米。在所有标本中，蝶窦开口均位于中线1厘米范围内。蝶窦开口下端与上鼻甲后下缘之间的平均距离为8.03±3.52毫米。蝶窦开口距鼻阈的平均距离为55.1±3.54毫米。在93.3%的标本中，蝶窦开口位于鼻阈下端5至6厘米之间。发现前鼻棘与蝶窦开口之间的角度非常恒定。在93.3%的标本中，该角度为25°至30°。
蝶窦开口可定位在上鼻甲内侧，位于后鼻孔上外角上方1.5至3厘米之间、中线1厘米范围内以及上鼻甲后下缘1厘米范围内。
