Shi Sifeng, Zhang Xianlong
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Exp Ther Med. 2012 Mar;3(3):367-370. doi: 10.3892/etm.2011.423. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
Orthopedic infection is refractory to cure. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the main causative pathogen responsible for orthopedic infection. S. aureus is capable of not only colonizing bone matrix, but also invading osteoblasts, which may play a significant role in the persistence and recurrence of osteomyelitis. Internalization requires the involvement of cytoskeletal elements, including actin microfilaments, microtubules and clathrin-coated pits. Microfilaments are most significant in the invasion process. S. aureus is capable of remaining alive in osteoblasts for a long period of time. Decreased sensitivity to antibiotics capable of penetrating host cells increases the difficulties of eradicating S. aureus. Osteoblasts, invaded by S. aureus, play a significant role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammatory immune responses. These osteoblasts recruit leukocytes and phagocytes to the site of inflammation via the expression of cytokines. Apoptosis is observed in osteoblasts invaded by S. aureus. Recruitment of osteoclasts and other immunocytes plays a crucial role in the resorption and destruction of bone.
骨科感染难以治愈。金黄色葡萄球菌是导致骨科感染的主要病原体。金黄色葡萄球菌不仅能够定植于骨基质，还能侵入成骨细胞，这可能在骨髓炎的持续存在和复发中起重要作用。内化作用需要细胞骨架成分的参与，包括肌动蛋白微丝、微管和网格蛋白包被小窝。微丝在入侵过程中最为重要。金黄色葡萄球菌能够在成骨细胞中长期存活。对能够穿透宿主细胞的抗生素敏感性降低增加了根除金黄色葡萄球菌的难度。被金黄色葡萄球菌入侵的成骨细胞在炎症免疫反应的启动和维持中起重要作用。这些成骨细胞通过细胞因子的表达将白细胞和吞噬细胞募集到炎症部位。在被金黄色葡萄球菌入侵的成骨细胞中观察到细胞凋亡。破骨细胞和其他免疫细胞的募集在骨的吸收和破坏中起关键作用。
