Klatt Stefanie, Bea Lisa-Marie, Brückner Sebastian, Jungen André, Noël Benjamin, Strauss Bernd
German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, Section Cognition in Team Sports, Germany.
University of Muenster, Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Department of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Germany.
J Sports Sci Med. 2025 Mar 1;24(1):160-171. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2025.160. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Effective decision making and communication are essential skills for sports officials, who frequently report experiencing considerable stress across various sports. This study evaluated the impact of a stress management program on elite volleyball referees. The intervention aimed to reduce stress and anxiety while enhancing coping strategies. Thirty-eight referees (24 males, 14 females) participated in a randomized intervention guided by two experienced applied sport psychologists. Stress and physiological measures were assessed before and after officiating. Anxiety and officiating-related stress were evaluated using the State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and an adapted version of the Basketball Officials Source of Stress Survey (BOSSS-d), respectively. Cardiac responses, including heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), were monitored during games. The program's effectiveness was assessed using the Inventory of Quality Sport Psychological Support (QS17). Although the pre- and post-intervention comparisons did not reveal significant changes in anxiety, reported sources of officiating-related stress, or cardiac responses, findings from the QS17 indicated potential benefits of the stress management program for elite volleyball referees, highlighting avenues for sport psychological support and interventions. Future research, particularly longitudinal studies, is needed to further explore referees' stress experiences during officiating.
有效的决策和沟通是体育官员的基本技能，这些官员经常报告在各类体育赛事中承受着相当大的压力。本研究评估了一项压力管理计划对精英排球裁判员的影响。该干预旨在减轻压力和焦虑，同时增强应对策略。38名裁判员（24名男性，14名女性）参与了由两名经验丰富的应用运动心理学家指导的随机干预。在执裁前后评估压力和生理指标。分别使用状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）和改编后的《篮球裁判员压力源调查》（BOSSS-d）评估焦虑和与执裁相关的压力。在比赛期间监测心脏反应，包括心率（HR）和心率变异性（HRV）。使用《优质运动心理支持量表》（QS17）评估该计划的有效性。尽管干预前后的比较未显示焦虑、报告的与执裁相关的压力源或心脏反应有显著变化，但QS17的结果表明压力管理计划对精英排球裁判员有潜在益处，突出了运动心理支持和干预的途径。未来的研究，尤其是纵向研究，需要进一步探索裁判员在执裁过程中的压力体验。
