Department of Aquaculture, Natural Resource and Environmental Faculty, Behbahan University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2013 Jun;39(3):489-501. doi: 10.1007/s10695-012-9714-1. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
The organophosphate insecticide diazinon is widely used to control pest in Iran. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and histopathological changes in the liver tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L of a commercial formula of diazinon for a period of 28 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities--catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase--were determined after 7, 14 and 28 days of exposure. Histopathological analyses were performed at the 28th day. All antioxidant enzymes were induced after 7 days of diazinon treatment in both concentrations of diazinon. Catalase and superoxide dismutase maintained elevated activities during all the treatment period. Glutathione peroxidase activity returned to the control values at the 14th day, decreasing to values below control at the 28th day in both diazinon concentrations. Glutathione reductase maintained increased activities at the 14th day in the 0.1 mg/L diazinon, decreasing to control values at the 28th day. In the 0.2 mg/L group, the activity returned to control values at the 14th and decreased below the control at the 28th day. Total antioxidant capacity of hepatocytes significantly decreased in fishes exposed to diazinon during all experimental periods. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization of cell cytoplasm and hepatocyte cloudy swelling were observed in the liver tissue of fish exposed to both concentrations of diazinon. The results showed that diazinon altered the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the cellular total antioxidant capacity inducing oxidative stress and cellular damage in hepatocytes evidenced by histopathological analysis.
有机磷杀虫剂敌百虫在伊朗被广泛用于防治害虫。本研究的目的是研究暴露于 0.1 和 0.2 mg/L 敌百虫商业配方 28 天后虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）肝脏组织中的抗氧化和组织病理学变化。暴露 7、14 和 28 天后测定抗氧化酶活性——过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶。第 28 天进行组织病理学分析。在两种敌百虫浓度下，敌百虫处理 7 天后所有抗氧化酶均被诱导。过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶在整个治疗期间保持较高的活性。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在第 14 天恢复到对照值，在两种敌百虫浓度下第 28 天降至对照值以下。谷胱甘肽还原酶在 0.1 mg/L 敌百虫组第 14 天保持较高的活性，第 28 天降至对照值。在 0.2 mg/L 组中，第 14 天和第 28 天的活性均恢复到对照值。暴露于敌百虫的鱼类肝细胞总抗氧化能力在整个实验期间均显著降低。暴露于两种敌百虫浓度的鱼的肝组织中观察到肝细胞肥大、细胞质空泡化和肝细胞混浊肿胀。结果表明，敌百虫改变了抗氧化酶的活性和细胞总抗氧化能力，通过组织病理学分析证实了氧化应激和肝细胞损伤。
