Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway.
Am J Sports Med. 2012 Nov;40(11):2610-6. doi: 10.1177/0363546512458413. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
Some cross-sectional studies have suggested that the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) may be high among endurance athletes with repetitive back loading, but there are no large, prospective cohort studies addressing this issue.
To compare the prevalence of symptoms of low back pain (LBP) among former endurance athletes with different loading characteristics on the lumbar region: cross-country skiing (flexion loading), rowing (extension loading), and orienteering (no specific loading), as well as a nonathletic control group.
Cohort study; level of evidence, 2.
Self-reported questionnaire on LBP adapted for sports based on standardized Nordic questionnaires for musculoskeletal symptoms. Responders were 173 rowers, 209 orienteerers, 242 cross-country skiers, and 116 control subjects (88% of the original cohort).
There were no group differences between the athletic groups and the control group with regard to the 2 main outcomes: reported LBP the previous 12 months (P = .66) and frequent LBP the past year (>30 days with LBP) (P = .14). More rowers than orienteerers reported frequent LBP the past year (adjusted OR = 2.32; CI, 1.02-5.28). Occupational changes due to LBP were reported more often by rowers (13%) than skiers (7%) and orienteerers (3%) (P = .002). More rowers and skiers reported having received outpatient medical assistance than orienteerers or controls. A training volume >550 h/y was a risk factor for reporting LBP during the previous 12 months compared with a training volume <200 h/y (adjusted OR = 2.51; CI, 1.26-5.02). A previous episode with LBP was associated with LBP later in life (adjusted OR = 3.02; CI, 2.22-4.10).
Low back pain was not more common among former endurance athletes with specific back loading compared with non-athletes. The results indicate that years of prolonged and repetitive flexion or extension loading in endurance sports does not lead to more LBP. However, a large training volume in the past year and previous episodes with LBP are risk factors for LBP. Comparing the sports of rowing, cross-country skiing, and orienteering, it appears that whereas orienteering is protective, rowing can provoke LBP.
一些横断面研究表明，在腰部反复负重的耐力运动员中，腰痛（LBP）的患病率可能较高，但尚无针对这一问题的大型前瞻性队列研究。
比较具有不同腰部负荷特征的前耐力运动员（越野滑雪：屈曲负荷、划船：伸展负荷、定向运动：无特定负荷）与非运动员对照组之间腰痛（LBP）症状的患病率。
队列研究；证据水平，2。
基于针对运动的标准化北欧肌肉骨骼症状问卷，采用自我报告的基于问卷的腰痛（LBP）调查。共有 173 名划船运动员、209 名定向运动员、242 名越野滑雪运动员和 116 名对照组受试者（原始队列的 88%）作出了回应。
在主要结局方面，运动员组与对照组之间没有组间差异：前 12 个月报告的腰痛（P =.66）和过去一年中频繁的腰痛（>30 天腰痛）（P =.14）。与定向运动员相比，更多的划船运动员报告过去一年中频繁的腰痛（调整后的 OR = 2.32；CI，1.02-5.28）。由于腰痛而改变职业的划船运动员比滑雪运动员（7%）和定向运动员（3%）更为常见（P =.002）。与定向运动员或对照组相比，更多的划船运动员和滑雪运动员报告接受过门诊医疗援助。与训练量<200 h/y 相比，训练量>550 h/y 是前 12 个月报告腰痛的危险因素（调整后的 OR = 2.51；CI，1.26-5.02）。以前有过腰痛的患者与以后的腰痛有关（调整后的 OR = 3.02；CI，2.22-4.10）。
与非运动员相比，具有特定背部负荷的前耐力运动员的腰痛并不更为常见。结果表明，在耐力运动中多年的长期和重复的屈曲或伸展负荷不会导致更多的腰痛。然而，过去一年中大量的训练量和以前的腰痛发作是腰痛的危险因素。比较划船、越野滑雪和定向运动这三项运动，定向运动似乎具有保护作用，而划船则可能引发腰痛。
