Zhang Bo, Peng Beihua, Liu Mingchu
School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:692746. doi: 10.1100/2012/692746. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
This paper presents an overview of the resources use and environmental impact of the Chinese industry during 1997-2006. For the purpose of this analysis the thermodynamic concept of exergy has been employed both to quantify and aggregate the resources input and the environmental emissions arising from the sector. The resources input and environmental emissions show an increasing trend in this period. Compared with 47568.7 PJ in 1997, resources input in 2006 increased by 75.4% and reached 83437.9 PJ, of which 82.5% came from nonrenewable resources, mainly from coal and other energy minerals. Furthermore, the total exergy of environmental emissions was estimated to be 3499.3 PJ in 2006, 1.7 times of that in 1997, of which 93.4% was from GHG emissions and only 6.6% from "three wastes" emissions. A rapid increment of the nonrenewable resources input and GHG emissions over 2002-2006 can be found, owing to the excessive expansion of resource- and energy-intensive subsectors. Exergy intensities in terms of resource input intensity and environmental emission intensity time-series are also calculated, and the trends are influenced by the macroeconomic situation evidently, particularly by the investment-derived economic development in recent years. Corresponding policy implications to guide a more sustainable industry system are addressed.
本文概述了1997 - 2006年中国工业的资源利用和环境影响。为了进行此分析，采用了火用的热力学概念来量化和汇总该部门的资源投入和环境排放。在此期间，资源投入和环境排放呈上升趋势。与1997年的47568.7太焦耳相比，2006年的资源投入增长了75.4%，达到83437.9太焦耳，其中82.5%来自不可再生资源，主要是煤炭和其他能源矿产。此外，2006年环境排放的总能值估计为3499.3太焦耳，是1997年的1.7倍，其中93.4%来自温室气体排放，只有6.6%来自“三废”排放。由于资源和能源密集型子行业的过度扩张，2002 - 2006年不可再生资源投入和温室气体排放迅速增加。还计算了资源投入强度和环境排放强度时间序列方面的火用强度，其趋势明显受宏观经济形势影响，特别是近年来投资拉动的经济发展。文中还阐述了指导更可持续工业体系的相应政策含义。
