Karsberg Sidsel H, Lasgaard Mathias, Elklit Ask
Institute of Psychology, Danish National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
Int J Circumpolar Health. 2012;71. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v71i0.18378. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Despite a growing number of studies and reports indicating a very high and increasing prevalence of trauma exposure in Greenlandic adolescents, the knowledge on this subject is still very limited. The purpose of the present study was twofold: To estimate the lifetime prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the relationship between PTEs, estimated PTSD, and sociodemographic variables.
In a Greenlandic sample from 4 different schools in 2 different minor towns in Northern Greenland, 269 students, aged 12-18 (M=15.4; SD=1.84) were assessed for their level of exposure to 20 PTEs along with the psychological impact of these events.
Of the Greenlandic students, 86% had been directly exposed to at least 1 PTE and 74.3% had been indirectly exposed to at least 1 PTE. The mean number of directly experienced PTEs was 2.8 and the mean number of indirectly experienced PTEs was 3.9. The most frequent direct events recorded were death of someone close, near drowning, threat of assault/beating, humiliation or persecution by others and attempted suicide. The estimated lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 17.1%, whereas another 14.2% reached a subclinical level of PTSD (missing the full diagnosis by 1 symptom). Education level of the father, and being exposed to multiple direct and indirect PTEs were significantly associated with an increase in PTSD symptoms.
The findings indicate substantial mental health problems in Greenlandic adolescents and that these are associated with various types of PTEs. Furthermore, the findings indicate that Greenlandic adolescents are more exposed to certain specific PTEs than adolescents in similar studies from other nations. The present study revealed that Greenlandic girls are particularly vulnerable towards experiencing PTEs. Indeed, in general, girls reported more experiences of direct and indirect PTEs. Furthermore, girls reported being more commonly exposed to specific types of PTEs compared to boys.
尽管越来越多的研究和报告表明格陵兰青少年遭受创伤的比例非常高且呈上升趋势，但关于这一主题的知识仍然非常有限。本研究的目的有两个：估计潜在创伤事件（PTEs）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的终生患病率，并研究PTEs、估计的PTSD与社会人口统计学变量之间的关系。
在格陵兰北部两个不同小镇的4所不同学校抽取的样本中，对269名年龄在12 - 18岁（M = 15.4；SD = 1.84）的学生进行评估，了解他们接触20种PTEs的程度以及这些事件的心理影响。
在格陵兰学生中，86%曾直接接触至少1种PTEs，74.3%曾间接接触至少1种PTEs。直接经历的PTEs的平均数为2.8，间接经历的PTEs的平均数为3.9。记录到的最常见直接事件是亲近的人死亡、险些溺水、遭受攻击/殴打威胁、被他人羞辱或迫害以及自杀未遂。PTSD的估计终生患病率为17.1%，另有14.2%达到PTSD的亚临床水平（因少1个症状未达到完整诊断）。父亲的教育水平以及接触多种直接和间接PTEs与PTSD症状增加显著相关。
研究结果表明格陵兰青少年存在大量心理健康问题，且这些问题与各种类型的PTEs相关。此外，研究结果表明，与其他国家类似研究中的青少年相比，格陵兰青少年更容易接触到某些特定的PTEs。本研究表明，格陵兰女孩在经历PTEs方面特别脆弱。事实上，总体而言，女孩报告的直接和间接PTEs经历更多。此外，与男孩相比，女孩报告更常接触特定类型的PTEs。
