Mahmud Talha, Bokhari Syed N H, Aasim Muhammad
Department of Pulmonology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.
Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2012 Apr-Jun;54(2):111-6.
This study compares the frequency of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in tobacco smokers suffering from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and analyses the association of COPD severity with status, type and duration of smoking.
An analytical cross-sectional study conducted in current and former cigarette, hookah and combined cigarette and hookah smokers with IHD to detect previously undiagnosed COPD through spirometry.
Among 124 males with IHD, majority [74 (59.7%)] were former smokers and were in the age ranged between 42 to 78 years. All had dyspnoea up to grade 4 and 64 (51.6%) also reported chronic cough and sputum production. According to type of smoking, 64 (51.6%) smoked cigarettes, 30 (24.2%) smoked hookah and 30 (24.2%) smoked both hookah and cigarettes. Forty-seven (37.9%) were found to have COPD, 24 (37.5%) among cigarette smokers, 12 (40%) among hookah smokers, while 11 (36.7%) were from cigarette and hookah smokers. Duration of smoking, its type and magnitude had no association with severity of COPD.
The frequency of undiagnosed COPD is high in smokers with IHD. Hookah and combined hookah and cigarette smokers are almost as susceptible to develop COPD as are cigarette smokers.
本研究比较了患有缺血性心脏病（IHD）的吸烟者中未诊断出的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的发生率，并分析了COPD严重程度与吸烟状况、类型和持续时间之间的关联。
对患有IHD的当前和既往香烟、水烟以及香烟和水烟混合吸烟者进行一项分析性横断面研究，通过肺活量测定法检测先前未诊断出的COPD。
在124名患有IHD的男性中，大多数[74名（59.7%）]为既往吸烟者，年龄在42至78岁之间。所有人的呼吸困难程度均达4级，64名（51.6%）还报告有慢性咳嗽和咳痰。根据吸烟类型，64名（51.6%）吸香烟，30名（24.2%）吸水烟，30名（24.2%）既吸香烟又吸水烟。发现47名（37.9%）患有COPD，其中吸香烟者中有24名（37.5%），吸水烟者中有12名（40%），而吸香烟和水烟者中有11名（36.7%）。吸烟持续时间、类型和量与COPD严重程度无关。
患有IHD的吸烟者中未诊断出的COPD发生率很高。吸水烟者以及既吸香烟又吸水烟者患COPD的易感性几乎与吸香烟者相同。
