Trop Med Int Health. 2012 Dec;17(12):1544-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03087.x.
To estimate the economic burden of hypertension in a given year in rural Yunnan Province of China, including direct, indirect and intangible costs.
A prevalence-based cost-of-illness method was used to estimate the economic burden of hypertension. Data on participants' demographic characteristics, inpatient hospitalisation expenditures, outpatient visit expenditures, self-medication costs and indirect costs related to hypertension were collected from a cross-sectional health examination and questionnaire survey, involving 9396 consenting individuals aged ≥ 18 years and 3500 households. Blood pressure (BP) levels were determined from the average of three BP measurements. Years of life lost (YLL) because of hypertension was estimated using medical death certificates.
The overall prevalence of and YLL/1000 population because of hypertension was 24.8% and 1.5 years for the survey population, respectively. Mean unit direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, morbidity costs, mortality costs, intangible costs and cost of illness were estimated to be $ 467.2, $ 20.1, $ 23.5, $ 8265.1, $ 417.4 and $ 9393.3, respectively. The total cost of hypertension was estimated to be $ 231.7 million. Direct costs represented the largest component of economic cost of hypertension. On average, males had higher overall direct, indirect and intangible costs of hypertension than females. Both indirect and intangible costs decreased with age, whereas direct costs increased with age. The incidence of household catastrophic health payment and household impoverishment because of hypertension was 8.9% and 4.1%, respectively.
Hypertension inflicts a considerable economic burden upon individual households and society as a whole in Yunnan Province, China.
估算中国云南省某一年高血压的经济负担，包括直接、间接和无形成本。
采用基于患病率的疾病成本法估算高血压的经济负担。从横断面健康检查和问卷调查中收集了参与者的人口统计学特征、住院费用、门诊就诊费用、自我用药费用和与高血压相关的间接费用数据，涉及 9396 名同意参加的 18 岁及以上个体和 3500 户家庭。血压（BP）水平由三次 BP 测量的平均值确定。因高血压导致的期望寿命损失（YLL）使用医疗死亡证明进行估算。
该调查人群高血压的总患病率和因高血压导致的 YLL/1000 人口分别为 24.8%和 1.5 年。估计平均单位直接医疗费用、直接非医疗费用、发病率费用、死亡率费用、无形费用和疾病总费用分别为 467.2 美元、20.1 美元、23.5 美元、8265.1 美元、417.4 美元和 9393.3 美元。高血压的总费用估计为 2.317 亿美元。直接成本是高血压经济成本的最大组成部分。平均而言，男性的高血压总直接、间接和无形成本均高于女性。间接和无形成本随年龄增长而降低，而直接成本随年龄增长而增加。因高血压导致的灾难性家庭卫生支出和家庭因病致贫的发生率分别为 8.9%和 4.1%。
高血压给云南省的个体家庭和整个社会带来了相当大的经济负担。
