School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Yu Hua Street, Chun Rong Road, Cheng Gong New City, Kunming, 650500, China.
First Affiliated Hospital of Dali Medical University, Dali, China.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021 Feb 2;21(1):64. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-01885-y.
This study examines the association between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and the prevalence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural Southwest China.
A cross-sectional survey of 4833 consenting adults aged ≥ 60 years in rural regions of Yunnan Province, China, was conducted in 2017. Data on individual socioeconomic status, sleep quality, physical activity level, and family history of hypertension were collected with a standardized questionnaire. Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, height, weight, and waist circumference were also measured. An individual socioeconomic position (SEP) index was constructed using principal component analysis. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to analyse the association between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and the prevalence of hypertension.
The overall prevalence of hypertension was 50.6% in the study population. Body fat distribution, including measures of obesity and central obesity, had the greatest total effect on hypertension (0.21), followed by family history of hypertension (0.14), biological sex (0.08), sleep quality (- 0.07), SEP (- 0.06), physical inactivity (0.06), and diabetes (0.06). Body fat distribution, SEP, and family history of hypertension had both direct and indirect effects on hypertension, whereas physical inactivity, diabetes, and sleep quality were directly associated with the prevalence of hypertension. Biological sex was indirectly associated with the prevalence of hypertension.
SEP, body fat distribution, physical inactivity, diabetes, and sleep quality critically influence the prevalence of hypertension. Future interventions to prevent and control hypertension should give increased attention to individuals with low SEP and should focus on controlling diabetes and obesity, increasing physical activity levels, and improving quality of sleep among older adults aged ≥ 60 years in rural Southwest China.
本研究旨在探讨中国西南农村地区老年人社会经济和生活方式因素与高血压患病率之间的关系。
2017 年，在中国云南省农村地区对 4833 名同意参与的 60 岁以上成年人进行了横断面调查。采用标准化问卷收集个体社会经济状况、睡眠质量、身体活动水平和高血压家族史等数据。还测量了血压、空腹血糖、身高、体重和腰围。采用主成分分析构建个体社会经济地位（SEP）指数。结构方程模型（SEM）用于分析社会经济和生活方式因素与高血压患病率之间的关系。
研究人群中高血压总患病率为 50.6%。身体脂肪分布，包括肥胖和中心性肥胖的衡量标准，对高血压的总影响最大（0.21），其次是高血压家族史（0.14）、生物性别（0.08）、睡眠质量（-0.07）、SEP（-0.06）、身体活动不足（0.06）和糖尿病（0.06）。身体脂肪分布、SEP 和高血压家族史对高血压既有直接影响，也有间接影响，而身体活动不足、糖尿病和睡眠质量与高血压的患病率直接相关。生物性别与高血压的患病率呈间接相关。
SEP、身体脂肪分布、身体活动不足、糖尿病和睡眠质量对高血压的患病率有重要影响。未来预防和控制高血压的干预措施应更加关注社会经济地位较低的个体，并应重点控制糖尿病和肥胖，增加身体活动水平，改善农村地区 60 岁及以上老年人的睡眠质量。
