Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
Dev Psychobiol. 2013 Dec;55(8):793-808. doi: 10.1002/dev.21081. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Current knowledge of the perceptual and cognitive abilities in infancy is largely based on the visual habituation-dishabituation method. According to the comparator model [e.g., Sokolov (1963a) Perception and the conditioned reflex. Oxford: Pergamon Press], habituation refers to stimulus encoding and dishabituation refers to discriminatory memory performance. The review also describes the dual-process theory and the attention disengagement approach. The dual-process theory points to the impact of natural stimulus preferences on habituation-dishabituation processes. The attention disengagement approach emphasizes the contribution of the ability to shift the attention away from a stimulus. Moreover, arguments for the cognitive interpretation of visual habituation and dishabituations are discussed. These arguments are provided by physiological studies and by research on interindividual differences. Overall, the review shows that current research supports the comparator model. It emphasizes that the investigation of habituation and dishabituation expands our understanding of visual attention processes in infants.
目前对于婴儿感知和认知能力的了解主要基于视觉习惯化-去习惯化方法。根据比较器模型[例如，索科洛夫（1963a）感知和条件反射。牛津：佩加蒙出版社]，习惯化是指刺激编码，去习惯化是指辨别性记忆表现。综述还描述了双加工理论和注意力脱离方法。双加工理论指出了自然刺激偏好对习惯化-去习惯化过程的影响。注意力脱离方法强调了从刺激上转移注意力的能力的贡献。此外，还讨论了对视觉习惯化和去习惯化的认知解释的论点。这些论点是通过生理学研究和个体间差异研究提供的。总的来说，综述表明，当前的研究支持比较器模型。它强调了对习惯化和去习惯化的研究扩展了我们对婴儿视觉注意力过程的理解。
