Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Otol Neurotol. 2012 Oct;33(8):1458-68. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31826a527d.
Precise knowledge of the expression and distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and osteochondrogenic markers helps target the proper in vitro regeneration of novel ossicular chain (OC) replacements via tissue engineering (TE).
We performed an extensive histologic analysis of human ear ossicles in healthy adults. A variety of OC prostheses are currently available, but extrusion of synthetic devices still represents an important clinical phenomenon. TE is a novel discipline combining stem cells, bioresorbable biomaterials, and stimulatory factors for the development of new living tissues in vitro, which might offer forefront opportunities to otologic surgery. However, to drive stem cell differentiation correctly, the final tissue target must be accurately known.
Malleus, incus, and stapes were collected from cadaveric temporal bones. TE PORPs were obtained via osteodifferentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells on polymeric scaffolds. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect ECM molecules and osteochondrogenic markers.
Malleus and incus showed the same histologic tissue type, with similar levels of expression and distributions for both ECM molecules and osteochondrogenic markers, whereas the stapes showed self-standing histologic patterns. In TE PORPs, mesenchymal ECM synthesis and early stage development of ossification sites could be observed, highlighting good cellular integration with the scaffold biomaterial.
Detailed morphologic study of the ossicles provides data related to tissue dynamics involved in their development, defining features of tissue differentiation and maturation. Such findings underpin the future development of biomimetic ossicular replacement, data that can guide tissue-engineered ossiculoplasty.
精确了解细胞外基质 (ECM) 分子和骨软骨生成标志物的表达和分布有助于通过组织工程 (TE) 针对新型听小骨链 (OC) 替代物的适当体外再生。
我们对健康成年人的人耳听小骨进行了广泛的组织学分析。目前有多种 OC 假体，但合成设备的挤出仍然是一个重要的临床现象。TE 是一门新兴学科，结合了干细胞、可生物降解的生物材料和刺激因子，用于体外开发新的活体组织，这可能为耳科手术提供前沿机会。然而，为了正确驱动干细胞分化，必须准确了解最终的组织靶标。
从尸体颞骨中收集锤骨、砧骨和镫骨。通过人间质基质细胞在聚合物支架上的成骨分化获得 TE PORPs。进行组织化学和免疫组织化学分析以检测 ECM 分子和骨软骨生成标志物。
锤骨和砧骨显示出相同的组织类型，两种 ECM 分子和骨软骨生成标志物的表达和分布水平相似，而镫骨则表现出自成一体的组织模式。在 TE PORPs 中，可以观察到间充质 ECM 合成和早期成骨部位的发育，突出了与支架生物材料的良好细胞整合。
对听小骨进行详细的形态学研究提供了与涉及它们发育的组织动力学相关的数据，定义了组织分化和成熟的特征。这些发现为仿生听小骨置换的未来发展提供了数据，这些数据可以指导组织工程听小骨成形术。
