Centre for Behaviour and Evolution & Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK.
Hum Nat. 2012 Dec;23(4):375-85. doi: 10.1007/s12110-012-9153-9.
Within affluent societies, people who grow up in deprived areas begin reproduction much earlier than their affluent peers, and they display a number of other behaviors adapted to an environment in which life will be short. The psychological mechanisms regulating life-history strategies may be sensitive to the age profile of the people encountered during everyday activities. We hypothesized that this age profile might differ between environments of different socioeconomic composition. We tested this hypothesis with a simple observational study comparing the estimated age distribution of people using the streets in an affluent and a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood which were closely matched in other ways. We were also able to use the UK census to compare the age profile of observed street users with the actual age profile of the community. We found that people over 60 years of age were strikingly less often observed on the street in the deprived than in the affluent neighborhood, whereas young adults were observed more often. These differences were not reflections of the different age profiles of people who lived there, but rather of differences in which residents use the streets. The way people use the streets varies with age in different ways in the affluent and the deprived neighborhoods. We argue that chronic exposure to a world where there are many visible young adults and few visible old ones may activate psychological mechanisms that produce fast life-history strategies.
在富裕社会中,成长在贫困地区的人比富裕地区的同龄人更早开始生育,并且表现出许多适应寿命较短环境的其他行为。调节生活史策略的心理机制可能对日常活动中遇到的人的年龄分布敏感。我们假设这种年龄分布可能因不同社会经济构成的环境而有所不同。我们通过一项简单的观察性研究检验了这一假设,该研究比较了在一个富裕和一个社会经济贫困的社区中使用街道的人的估计年龄分布,这两个社区在其他方面非常匹配。我们还能够利用英国人口普查数据,将观察到的街道使用者的年龄分布与社区的实际年龄分布进行比较。我们发现,在贫困社区中,60 岁以上的人在街上明显比在富裕社区中少得多,而年轻人则更多。这些差异不是居住在那里的人的不同年龄分布的反映,而是居民使用街道的差异。在富裕和贫困社区中,人们使用街道的方式随年龄而变化。我们认为,长期接触一个有许多可见的年轻人而很少有可见的老年人的世界,可能会激活产生快速生活史策略的心理机制。