Romans-Clarkson S E, Walton V A, Herbison G P, Mullen P E
Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
Br J Psychiatry. 1990 Jan;156:84-91. doi: 10.1192/bjp.156.1.84.
A random community survey into psychiatric disorder among women in urban and rural New Zealand found urban women to be more often at age extremes, not married, better educated, in more paid employment, and to have better household and child-care facilities. There were no overall urban-rural differences in the GHQ-28 score, total PSE score or PSE case rates. A multiple regression found the same three factors accounted for most of the explained variance in both the urban and the rural total PSE scores: these were the quality of social networks, difficulties with alcohol, and the past experience of childhood sexual abuse. Low socioeconomic status, poor physical health, and adult experiences of sexual and physical abuse were also associated with increased psychiatric morbidity in both samples. Other individual sociodemographic items were correlated with psychiatric morbidity for the urban or rural sample only.
一项针对新西兰城乡女性精神疾病的随机社区调查发现，城市女性往往处于年龄两端，未婚，受教育程度更高，从事更多有偿工作，并且拥有更好的家庭和儿童保育设施。在一般健康问卷-28（GHQ-28）得分、总现况调查（PSE）得分或PSE病例率方面，城乡之间没有总体差异。多元回归分析发现，相同的三个因素在城市和农村的总PSE得分中解释了大部分变异：即社交网络质量、酒精问题以及童年性虐待的过往经历。社会经济地位低、身体健康差以及成年期的性虐待和身体虐待经历在两个样本中也都与精神疾病发病率增加有关。其他个体社会人口学项目仅与城市或农村样本中的精神疾病发病率相关。
