School of Psychology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
Anim Cogn. 2013 Mar;16(2):177-86. doi: 10.1007/s10071-012-0561-3. Epub 2012 Sep 14.
The learning abilities of planarian worms (Dugesia tigrina) were assessed by using a number of Pavlovian conditioning paradigms. Experiment 1 showed that planaria were susceptible to basic conditioning in that they readily developed a conditioned response to a change in ambient luminance when it was consistently paired with an electric shock over a number of trials. In Experiment 2, the change in luminance was presented in a compound with a vibration stimulus during conditioning. Subsequent tests revealed poor conditioning of the elements compared with control groups in which the animals were conditioned in the presence of the elements alone, an instance of overshadowing. In Experiment 3, pre-training of one of the elements before compound conditioning resulted in blocking of learning about the other element. These results add to other studies that have reported cue competition effects in animal species belonging to different phyla (chordate, mollusk, arthropod), suggesting that learning in these phyla could be ruled by similar principles. The results are discussed adopting an evolutionary-comparative approach.
利用多种巴甫洛夫条件反射范式评估了涡虫（Dugesia tigrina）的学习能力。实验 1 表明，涡虫易于接受基本条件反射，因为它们在多次试验中，当环境亮度变化与电击一致配对时，很容易对其产生条件反射。在实验 2 中，在条件反射期间，将亮度变化与振动刺激结合在一起呈现。后续测试显示，与对照组相比，元素的条件反射较差，对照组中的动物仅在元素存在的情况下进行条件反射，这是一种遮蔽现象。在实验 3 中，在复合条件反射之前对一个元素进行预训练会导致对另一个元素的学习受到阻碍。这些结果与其他报告在属于不同门（脊索动物门、软体动物门、节肢动物门）的动物物种中存在线索竞争效应的研究一致，表明这些门中的学习可能受到类似原则的支配。采用进化比较的方法对结果进行了讨论。
