Lacroix J S, Anggård A, Hökfelt T, O'Hare M M, Fahrenkrug J, Lundberg J M
Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Cell Tissue Res. 1990 Jan;259(1):119-28. doi: 10.1007/BF00571436.
The occurrence of neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) in the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa was studied in various species including man. A dense network of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) fibres was present around arteries and arterioles in the nasal mucosa of all species studied. NPY was also located in nerves around seromucous glands in pig and guinea-pig, but not in rat, cat and man. The NPY-IR glandular innervation corresponded to about 20% of the NPY content of the nasal mucosa as revealed by remaining NPY content determined by radioimmunoassay after sympathectomy. These periglandular NPY-positive fibres had a distribution similar to the VIP-IR and PHI-IR nerves but not to the noradrenergic markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). The NPY nerves around glands and some perivascular fibres were not influenced by sympathectomy and probably originated in the sphenopalatine ganglion where NPY-IR and VIP-IR ganglion cells were present. The venous sinusoids were innervated by NPY-positive fibres in all species except the cat. Dense NPY and DBH-positive innervation was seen around thick-walled vessels in the pig nasal mucosa; the latter may represent arterio-venous shunts. Double-labelling experiments using TH and DBH, and surgical sympathectomy revealed that the majority of NPY-IR fibres around blood vessels were probably noradrenergic. The NPY-positive perivascular nerves that remained after sympathectomy in the pig nasal mucosa also contained VIP/PHI-IR. The major nasal blood vessels, i.e. sphenopalatine artery and vein, were also densely innervated by NPY-IR fibres of sympathetic origin. Perivascular VIP-IR fibres were present around small arteries, arterioles, venous sinusoids and arterio-venous shunt vessels of the nasal mucosa whereas major nasal vessels received only single VIP-positive nerves. The trigeminal ganglion of the species studied contained only single TH-IR or VIP-IR but no NPY-positive ganglion cells. It is concluded that NPY in the nasal mucosa is mainly present in perivascular nerves of sympathetic origin. In some species, such as pig, glandular and perivascular parasympathetic nerves, probably of VIP/PHI nature, also contain NPY.
在包括人类在内的多种物种中，研究了神经肽Y（NPY）、血管活性肠多肽（VIP）和肽组氨酸异亮氨酸（PHI）在鼻黏膜交感神经和副交感神经支配中的分布情况。在所研究的所有物种的鼻黏膜中，动脉和小动脉周围均存在密集的NPY免疫反应性（IR）纤维网络。在猪和豚鼠的浆液性腺周围神经中也发现了NPY，但在大鼠、猫和人类中未发现。如通过交感神经切除术后放射免疫测定所确定的剩余NPY含量所示，NPY-IR腺神经支配约占鼻黏膜NPY含量的20%。这些腺周围NPY阳性纤维的分布与VIP-IR和PHI-IR神经相似，但与去甲肾上腺素能标记物酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）或多巴胺-β-羟化酶（DBH）不同。腺周围的NPY神经和一些血管周围纤维不受交感神经切除术的影响，可能起源于蝶腭神经节，该神经节中存在NPY-IR和VIP-IR神经节细胞。除猫外，所有物种的静脉窦均由NPY阳性纤维支配。在猪鼻黏膜的厚壁血管周围可见密集的NPY和DBH阳性神经支配；后者可能代表动静脉分流。使用TH和DBH的双标记实验以及手术交感神经切除术表明，血管周围的大多数NPY-IR纤维可能是去甲肾上腺素能的。猪鼻黏膜交感神经切除术后残留的NPY阳性血管周围神经也含有VIP/PHI-IR。主要的鼻血管，即蝶腭动脉和静脉，也由交感神经起源的NPY-IR纤维密集支配。鼻黏膜的小动脉、小动脉、静脉窦和动静脉分流血管周围存在血管周围VIP-IR纤维，而主要的鼻血管仅接受单一的VIP阳性神经支配。所研究物种的三叉神经节仅含有单个TH-IR或VIP-IR神经节细胞，而没有NPY阳性神经节细胞。研究得出结论，鼻黏膜中的NPY主要存在于交感神经起源的血管周围神经中。在一些物种中，如猪，腺和血管周围的副交感神经，可能具有VIP/PHI性质，也含有NPY。
